Module 3 Topic 5: How much energy can we make?

16 flashcards · Other · by Haroon Chehabzada

1. What is required for the P/O ratio to occur?

   The P/O ratio requires a gradient where [protons] are higher in the IMS than the matrix.

2. What are the integral values for P/O for NADH and FADH2?

   The integral values for P/O are 3 (or 2.5) for NADH and 2 (or 1.5) for FADH2.

3. How many ATP molecules are produced by NADH and FADH2?

   NADH produces 3 (or 2.5) ATP, while FADH2 produces 2 (or 1.5) ATP.

4. What happens when NADH is oxidized by O2?

   The oxidation of NADH by O2 produces enough energy to synthesize several molecules of ATP.

5. What is the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation for NADH and FADH2?

   The efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation is around 42% for NADH and 53% for FADH2.

6. What is the net combined yield for 1 glucose molecule?

   The net combined yield for 1 glucose molecule is generally 36 ATP.

7. How can cytosolic NADH be oxidized?

   Cytosolic NADH can be oxidized through either the glycerol phosphate shuttle or the malate aspartate shuttle.

8. What is produced during cellular respiration?

   ATP is produced during cellular respiration.

9. Which enzymes in the glycolysis pathway produce ATP?

   Sphoglycerate kinase and phosphoglycerate mutase are enzymes involved in the glycolysis pathway that produce ATP.

10. What are the malate/aspartate and glycerol phosphate shuttle mechanisms used for?

    The malate/aspartate and glycerol phosphate shuttle mechanisms transport electrons from NADH to the inner mitochondrial membrane to be used in oxidative phosphorylation.

11. What enters the electron transport chain to generate ATP?

    NADH and FADH2 produced by the TCA cycle enter the electron transport chain to generate ATP.

12. What is the P/O ratio?

    The P/O ratio is the number of ATP molecules synthesized per molecule of oxygen consumed by the electron transport chain.

13. What influences the regulation of central pathways?

    The regulation of central pathways is influenced by the cellular ATP requirements and glucose availability.

14. What stimulates phosphofructokinase during glycolysis?

    Phosphofructokinase is stimulated by fructose-6-phosphate during glycolysis.

15. What inhibits phosphofructokinase during glycolysis?

    Phosphofructokinase is inhibited by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate during glycolysis.

16. What affects the rate of reactions in cellular respiration?

    The availability of ADP, Pi, and oxygen affects the rate of reactions in cellular respiration.