Module 1 Topic 2 Joints

78 flashcards · Other · by Haroon Chehabzada

What are the two classifications of joints?
Functional classification and structural classification.
What is functional classification of joints based on?
Functional classification of joints is based on the range of movement.
What are the three types of joints in functional classification?
The three types of joints in functional classification are synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, and diarthrosis.
What is structural classification of joints based on?
Structural classification of joints is based on connecting material.
What are the three types of joints in structural classification?
The three types of joints in structural classification are fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints.
What are examples of joints that are joined by dense, irregular connective tissue?
Examples of joints that are joined by dense, irregular connective tissue are sutures, interosseous membranes/syndesmosis.
Are neighbouring bones tightly connected by cartilage mobile or immobile?
Neighbouring bones tightly connected by cartilage are usually immobile or slightly mobile.
What are examples of joints that have neighbouring bones tightly connected by cartilage?
Examples of joints that have neighbouring bones tightly connected by cartilage are symphysis and synchondrosis.
What is the most common type of joint?
The most common type of joint is the synovial joint.
What does a synovial joint include?
A synovial joint includes an articular capsule and a synovial membrane.
What lines the surfaces of bones that touch in a synovial joint?
Articular cartilage lines the surfaces of bones that touch in a synovial joint.
What are some accessory structures that may be present in a synovial joint?
Some accessory structures that may be present in a synovial joint are cartilages, fat pads, and ligaments.
What does a synovial joint consist of?
A synovial joint consists of periosteum, articular capsule, synovial membrane, articular cartilage, articulating bone, and synovial cavity.
: What lines the outer surface of bones in a synovial joint?
The periosteum lines the outer surface of bones in a synovial joint.
What connects the two bones in a synovial joint and what is it made up of?
The articular capsule connects the two bones in a synovial joint and it is made up of fibrous and synovial membrane.
hat secretes synovial fluid to lubricate and nourish chondrocytes in a synovial joint?
The synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid to lubricate and nourish chondrocytes in a synovial joint.
What do ligaments do in a synovial joint?
Ligaments support, strengthen, and reinforce synovial joints.
What are the two types of ligaments in a synovial joint and where are they located?
The two types of ligaments in a synovial joint are extracapsular (outside the joint capsule) and intracapsular (within the capsule but outside the synovial cavity).
What are bursae and what is their function in a synovial joint?
Bursae are small pockets in the connective tissue that reduce friction and act as shock absorbers in a synovial joint.
What is bursitis?
Bursitis is an acute or chronic inflammation of the bursa.
What are the functional classifications of joints?
The functional classifications of joints are synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, and diarthrosis.
What are the structural classifications of joints?
The structural classifications of joints are fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial.
What are examples of joints that are joined by dense, irregular connective tissue?
Examples of joints that are joined by dense, irregular connective tissue are sutures and interosseous membranes/syndesmosis.
What are examples of joints that are tightly connected by cartilage?
Examples of joints that are tightly connected by cartilage are symphysis and synchondrosis.
What is the most common type of joint?
The most common type of joint is a synovial joint.
What structures make up a synovial joint?
A synovial joint is made up of periosteum, articular capsule, synovial membrane, articular cartilage, articulating bone, and synovial cavity.
What is the function of the periosteum in a synovial joint?
The periosteum lines the outer surface of bones in a synovial joint.
What is the function of the articular capsule in a synovial joint?
The articular capsule connects the two bones in a synovial joint and is made up of fibrous and synovial membrane.
What is the function of the synovial membrane in a synovial joint?
The synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid to lubricate and nourish chondrocytes in a synovial joint.
What is the function of ligaments in a synovial joint?
Ligaments support, strengthen, and reinforce synovial joints.
What is the difference between extracapsular and intracapsular ligaments in a synovial joint?
Extracapsular ligaments are located outside the joint capsule in a synovial joint, while intracapsular ligaments are located within the capsule but outside the synovial cavity.
What are bursae in a synovial joint?
Bursae are small pockets in the connective tissue that reduce friction and act as shock absorbers in a synovial joint.
What are the different types of synovial joints based on planes or axes of movement, or structural shape?
The different types of synovial joints are gliding (plane) joints, hinge joints, pivot joints, condyloid joints, saddle joints, and spheroidal (ball and socket) joints.
What type of movement do gliding (plane) joints allow?
Gliding (plane) joints allow rotation and twist.
What type of movement do hinge joints allow?
Hinge joints permit extension and flexion along a single plane.
What type of movement do pivot joints allow?
Pivot joints allow rotation along the axis of the bone.
What type of movement do condyloid joints allow?
Condyloid joints permit movement in two planes.
What type of movement do saddle joints allow?
Saddle joints permit significant movement in different planes.
What type of movement do spheroidal (ball and socket) joints allow?
Spheroidal (ball and socket) joints are the most freely moveable of synovial joints.
What type of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint?
The proximal radioulnar joint is a condyloid joint.
What type of joint is the wrist (radiocarpal joint)?
The wrist (radiocarpal joint) is an ellipsoid joint.
What type of joint is the atlanto-occipital joint?
The atlanto-occipital
What type of joint is the 1st Carpometacarpal Joint (Thumb)?
Spherical
What type of joint is the Shoulder (Glenohumeral) Joint?
Ball & Socket
What supports the Shoulder (Glenohumeral) Joint?
The joint is supported by ligaments (coracohumeral), tendons of muscles (biceps brachii), and the rotator cuff muscles.
Why is the Shoulder (Glenohumeral) Joint considered the most freely moveable joint in the body?
The joint is relatively shallow and loose.
What is the labrum in the Shoulder (Glenohumeral) Joint?
A ring of fibrocartilage that extends the rim of the glenoid cavity to increase joint stability.
What type of joint is the Hip (Coxal) Joint?
Ball & Socket
What supports the Hip (Coxal) Joint?
The joint is supported by ligaments (iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral) and tendons of thigh and hip muscles.
Why is the Hip (Coxal) Joint less moveable than the Shoulder (Glenohumeral) Joint?
The joint is much more stable.
What type of joint is the Knee Joint?
hinge joint (uniaxial)
What bones articulate in the Knee Joint?
The femur, tibia, and patella articulate in the Knee Joint.
What covers the anterior aspect of the Knee Joint?
Extensions of quadriceps tendon cover the anterior aspect of the Knee Joint
What supports the Knee Joint?
The Knee Joint is supported by a complex array of ligaments inside and outside the articular capsule.
What do the extracapsular collateral ligaments limit in the Knee Joint?
They limit the rotation of the extended knee.
What do the intracapsular cruciate ligaments do in the Knee Joint?
The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments cross to form an X, with the anterior cruciate ligament preventing forward sliding of tibia on the femur and the posterior cruciate ligament preventing backward displacement of the tibia.
What are the medial and lateral menisci in the Knee Joint?
They are fibrocartilage pads that are an inconstant feature of the Knee Joint.
What are the intracapsular ligaments in the Knee Joint?
The intracapsular ligaments in the Knee Joint are the Anterior cruciate ligament and Posterior cruciate ligament.
What are the extracapsular ligaments in the Knee Joint?
The extracapsular ligaments in the Knee Joint are the Fibular collateral ligament and Tibial collateral ligament.
What are the two pads of fibrocartilage in the knee joint called?
The knee joint contains two crescent-shaped pads of fibrocartilage called lateral and medial menisci.
What is the function of the menisci in the knee joint?
The menisci absorb shock and prevent the femur from rocking from side to side on the tibia.
What is the zero position in joint movements?
The zero position is the starting position from which joint movements are described as deviating from or returning to.
What are the different types of joint movements?
The different types of joint movements are linear, angular, rotation, or joint-specific.
What is flexion?
Flexion is the movement that reduces the angle between articulating elements.
What is extension?
Extension is the movement that increases the angle between articulating elements.
What is abduction?
Abduction is the movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body.
What is adduction?
Adduction is the movement towards the longitudinal axis of the body.
What is circumduction?
Circumduction is when the tip of the joint remains stationary while the shaft describes a circle.
What is supination?
Supination is when the palm of the hand is facing anteriorly.
What is pronation?
Pronation is when the palm of the hand is facing posteriorly.
What is elevation?
Elevation is the movement of a body part in a superior direction.
What is protraction?
Protraction is the anterior movement of a body part.
What is retraction?
Retraction is the posterior movement of a body part.
What is inversion?
Inversion is tilting the sole of the foot to face inward.
What is eversion?
Eversion is tilting the sole of the foot to face outward.
What are the different joint movements for specific joints?
Flexion and extension are for the elbow and knee joints, dorsi- and plantarflexion are for the ankle joint, abduction and adduction are for the shoulder, hip, metacarpo-, and metatarso-phalangeal joints, circumduction is for the shoulder and hip joints, rotation is for the median atlantoaxial joint, and pronation and supination are for the elbow joint. Elevation and depression, protraction and retraction, and inversion and eversion are for the temporomandibular and scapulothoracic joints, and s…
What joint is this?
synovial joint
What joint is this?
Fibrous Joint