Human Anatomy and Phsyiology Module 1 Topic 3 Appendicular Musculature

96 flashcards · Other · by Haroon Chehabzada

1. What does the pectoral girdle consist of?

   The pectoral girdle consists of the scapula and clavicle.

2. What joints does the clavicle articulate with?

   The clavicle articulates with the scapula at the acromioclavicular joint and with the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint.

3. How is the scapula held in place?

   The scapula is held in place by muscles only.

4. What kind of bone is the pectoral girdle?

   The pectoral girdle is an S-shaped bone with two curves.

5. What stabilizes the position of the clavicle?

   Ligaments attached to the clavicle stabilize its position.

6. Where is the fracture site typically located in the clavicle?

   The fracture site is typically at the junction of the curve.

7. What are the features of the scapula?

   The features of the scapula include the acromion, coracoid process, spine, infraspinous and supraspinous fossa, and the glenoid cavity (fossa).

8. What joint does the glenoid cavity form with the head of the humerus?

   The glenoid cavity forms the shoulder joint with the head of the humerus.

9. Where is the upper limb attached to the body?

   The upper limb is attached to the pectoral girdle at the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint.

10. What bones does the upper limb consist of?

    The upper limb consists of the humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges.

11. What are the greater and lesser tubercle of the humerus responsible for?

    The greater and lesser tubercle of the humerus are responsible for articulating with the scapula and ulna.

12. What are the olecranon process and coronoid process of the ulna responsible for?

    The olecranon process and coronoid process of the ulna are responsible for articulating with the humerus and radius.

13. What does the radius have?

    The radius has a radial head and an ulnar notch, which articulate with the humerus and ulna.

14. How many bones do the carpals consist of and what do they form?

    The carpals consist of 8 small bones that form the wrist and are arranged in two rows: scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate.

15. How many metacarpals are there and what do they form?

    There are 5 metacarpals, and they are responsible for forming the palm of the hand.

16. What are the phalanges responsible for forming?

    The phalanges are responsible for forming the fingers and thumb and are composed of proximal, middle, and distal phalanges.

17. What bones make up the carpal region?

    The carpal region consists of two rows of small bones called carpals.

18. What are the names of the bones in the proximal row of carpals?

    From lateral to medial, the bones in the proximal row of carpals are scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform.

19. What are the names of the bones in the distal row of carpals?

    From lateral to medial, the bones in the distal row of carpals are trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate.

20. What are the metacarpals responsible for?

    The metacarpals are responsible for connecting the carpals to the phalanges and forming the palm of the hand.

21. How many phalanges does each finger have, except the thumb?

    Each finger has three phalanges (proximal, middle, and distal), except the thumb, which has two.

22. What bones make up the pelvic girdle?

    The pelvic girdle consists of two hip bones that unite at the pubic symphysis and articulate posteriorly at the sacroiliac joints, as well as the sacrum and coccyx.

23. What are the three bones that make up each hip bone?

    Each hip bone consists of ilium, ischium, and pubis.

24. What is the largest of the three bones that make up the hip bone?

    The ilium is the largest of the three bones that make up the hip bone.

25. What are some of the features of the ilium?

    The ilium has an anterior superior iliac spine, anterior inferior iliac spine, posterior superior iliac spine, and posterior inferior iliac spine, as well as an ala, iliac crest, gluteal lines, and tubercle.

26. What is the posterior part of the hip bone called?

    The posterior part of the hip bone is called the ischium.

27. What are some of the features of the ischium?

    The ischium consists of a body and a ramus, and also has an ischial tuberosity and an ischial spine.

28. What separates the false and true pelvis?

    The pelvic brim separates the false (abdominal organs only) and true pelvis.

29. What is the pelvic axis?

    The pelvic axis is the path of a baby's head during birth.

30. What are the characteristics of a female pelvis?

    A female pelvis is light and thin, has a shallow false pelvis, a wider pelvic brim, a smaller and anterior-facing acetabulum, an oval obturator foramen, and a pubic arch greater than 90 degrees.

31. What are the characteristics of a male pelvis?

    A male pelvis is heavy and thick, has a deep false pelvis, a narrow and heart-shaped pelvic brim, a larger and laterally-facing acetabulum, a round obturator foramen, and a pubic arch less than 90 degrees.

32. How many bones are in the lower limb?

    There are 30 bones in the lower limb.

33. What is the longest and strongest bone in the body?

    The femur is the longest and strongest bone in the body.

34. What are the names of the seven tarsal bones?

    The seven tarsal bones are talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiform.

35. What is the function of the arches in the foot?

    The arches in the foot support the weight of the body and provide spring and leverage when walking.

36. Where does a common fracture occur in the lower limb?

    A common fracture in the lower limb occurs at the neck of femur.

37. What causes a flatfoot?

    A flatfoot is caused by weakened ligaments that cause the medial arch to drop.

38. What is a clawfoot?

    A clawfoot is when the medial arch is too elevated, often due to muscle deformities.

39. What is the condition where there is lateral deviation of the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint?

    the condition where there is lateral deviation of the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint is called hallux valgus or a bunion.

40. is flatfoot more common in males or females?

    Flatfoot is 10 times more common in females.

41. What are the learning outcomes for the appendicular skeleton?

    The learning outcomes for the appendicular skeleton are to identify the bones and features of the pectoral girdle, upper limb, and pelvic, as well as the bones of the lower limb.

42. What is the femur and where is it located in the body?

    The femur is the longest and strongest bone in the body, and it is located in the thigh.

43. What is the patella and where is it located in the body?

    The patella is a small, flat, triangular-shaped bone located at the front of the knee joint.

44. What is the tibia and where is it located in the body?

    The tibia is the larger of the two lower leg bones and is located on the medial side of the leg.

45. What is the fibula and where is it located in the body?

    The fibula is located on the lateral side of the leg and is thinner and smaller than the tibia.

46. Where are the tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges located in the body?

    They are located in the foot.

47. What is the function of the lower limb?

    The lower limb is responsible for weight-bearing, walking, running, and jumping.

48. What are the important joints for lower limb movement?

    The hip joint, knee joint, and ankle joint are important for lower limb movement.

49. What ligaments stabilize the knee joint?

    The knee joint is stabilized by ligaments, including the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).

50. What ligaments stabilize the ankle joint?

    The ankle joint is stabilized by ligaments, including the deltoid ligament and the lateral ligament.

51. What clinical problems are associated with the appendicular skeleton?

    Fractures, osteoarthritis, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, sciatica, and bunions are all clinical problems associated with the appendicular skeleton.

52. Name the bone highlighted ?

    • Radius

53. Name the bone highlighted ?

    • Ulna

54. Name the bone highlighted ?

    • Humerus

55. Name the bone highlighted ?

    Scapula

56. Name the bone highlighted ?

    Clavicle

57. Name the bone highlighted ?

    Pectoral Girdle

58. Name the bone highlighted ?

    Pelvic Inlet

59. Name the bone highlighted ?

    Obturator Foramen

60. Name the bone highlighted ?

    Pubic Tubercles

61. Name the bone highlighted ?

    Inferior Pubic Ramus

62. Name the bone highlighted ?

    Superior Pubic Ramus

63. Name the bone highlighted ?

    Public of crest

64. Name the bone highlighted ?

    Symphysis

65. Name the bone highlighted ?

    Pubis of Pelvic Bone

66. Name this specific part of the femur.

    Neck

67. Name this specific part of the femur.

    Lesser Trochater

68. Name this specific part of the femur.

    Lateral Condyle

69. Name this specific part of the femur.

    Intercondylar fossa

70. Name this specific part of the femur.

    Head

71. Name this specific part of the femur.

    Greater trochanter

72. What is N on the diagram ?

    patella

73. What is M on the diagram ?

    medial collateral ligament

74. What is L on the diagram ?

    medial meniscus

75. What is K on the diagram ?

    anterior cruciate ligament

76. What is J on the diagram ?

    posterior cruciate ligament

77. What is H on the diagram ?

    tibia

78. What is G on the diagram ?

    fibula

79. What is E on the diagram ?

    lateral miniscus

80. What is D on the diagram ?

    lateral collateral ligament

81. What is A on the diagram ?

    femur

82. What part of the tibia/fibia is this ?

    Lateral Malleolus

83. What part of the tibia/fibia is this ?

    Fibula Head

84. What part of the tibia/fibia is this ?

    Intercondylar eminence

85. What part of the tibia/fibia is this ?

    Tibial Tuberosity

86. What part of the tibia/fibia is this ?

    medial malleolus

87. What part of the tibia/fibia is this ?

    medial condyle of tibia

88. What part of the tibia/fibia is this ?

    Lateral condyle of tibia

89. What part of the foot bone is this ?

90. What part of the foot bone is this ?

    Tarsals

91. What part of the foot bone is this ?

    Talus

92. What part of the foot bone is this ?

    Navicular

93. What part of the foot bone is this ?

    Metatarsals

94. What part of the foot bone is this ?

    Medial cuneiform

95. What part of the foot bone is this ?

    Distal Phalanx

96. What part of the foot bone is this ?

    Cuboid