Chem 1220 Final

28 flashcards · Other · by Elsa Schutfort

1. Metallurgy

   Extracting metals from natural sources and preparing them for practical use

2. Metallurgy steps

   mining concentrating the ore or prepping it for treatment reducing the ore to produce free metal refining/purifying mixing metal with other elements

3. Pyrometallurgy

   use of heat to alter or reduce the metal

4. Hydrometallurgy

   extraction of metal ore by water reaction (can be used to dilute acids, bases, salts or water)

5. Metals that use Hydrometallurgy

   Gold, Aluminum

6. Electrometallurgy

   Electrolysis of an aq solution or molten salt

7. Recycled aluminum

   requires 5% of the energy needed to produce new aluminum

8. Substitutional Alloy

   must have similar atomicraddi, similar bonding, bronze and brass

9. Interstitial alloys

   one element must be significantly smaller (example: steel)

10. Lanthanide

    4d and 5d are the same size

11. Magnetism

    When there are unpaired electrons

12. Diamagnetic

    all electrons paired, up-spin and down-spin effectively cancel ... not magnetic

13. Paramagnetic

    atom or ion contains one or more unpaired electrons... magnetic

14. Paramagnetism

    unpaired electrons are not influence by the spins of their neighbors

15. Ferromagnetism

    unpaired electrons are influence by the spins of their neighbors (Fe, Ni, Co)

16. Ligands can be

    polar neutral or anions

17. Geometry of 2 ligands

    linear

18. Geometry of 4 ligands

    Tetrahedral or square planar

19. Geometry of 6 ligands

    octahedral

20. Bidentate

    two donor atoms (most be separated by at least two atoms)

21. Chelate Effect

    Polydentate ligands (chelating agents) form more stable complexed than mono dentate ligands

22. chelating agents

    prevent one or more customary reactions of a metal - without removing it from solution

23. chiral

    molecule that exists as a pair of enantiomers

24. Alkanes

    CnH2n+2C_nH_{2n+2}Cn​H2n+2​

25. Cycloalkanes

    CnH2nC_nH_{2n}Cn​H2n​

26. Alkenes

    CnH2nC_nH_{2n}Cn​H2n​

27. Alkynes

    CnH2n−2C_nH_{2n-2}Cn​H2n−2​