PC Hardware - Module 1 (CPU)

34 flashcards · Other · by lenamanchaca

1. RAM/Memory

   Temporarily stores data for use by processor

2. CPU

   the "brain" of the computer that processes memory

3. Storage Drive

   Provides area for long term storage of data/information

4. Video card

   unit for generating videos

5. Input & Output (I/O)

   Devices that send info into/out of a computer

6. computer case

   contains components of a computer to process data

7. system software

   programs that control the operations of the computer, provide interface between the user & application software, and coordinate all activities among computer hardware

8. device driver software

   allows interaction between different hardware components (such as the pc to a printer)

9. operating system

   controls overall operation of computer

10. application software

    software programs designed for specific uses such as word processing, spreadsheets, gaming, graphic/video design)

11. utility software

    software designed to help or manage computer systems

12. input

    data gathered from keyboards, microphones, mouse, scanner, etc and obtains instructions from memory

13. output

    displays data/information for user on a monitor, printer, speaker, projector, etc.

14. [CPU Component] Socket

    physical interface a processor connects to on motherboard

15. [CPU Component] Chipset

    used by processor to communicate with components other than the motherboard

16. Major Processing Manufacturers

    Intel & AMD RYZEN

17. [CPU Operation] Registers

    local storage space on processor that holds instructions, storage addresses, or data currently being worked on by computer

18. [CPU Operation] Data bus

    Collection of wires used to carry data to and from the memory/CPU, or between components

19. [CPU Operation] Clock

    Controls how fast the computer operates

20. [CPU Operation] Internal bus

    Data bus that communicates between internal components (Memory, CPU, video card)

21. [CPU Operation] External bus

    Data bus that communicates between external components (processor to adapters, keyboard, mouse, hard drive, etc)

22. [Microarchitecture] Address bus

    used to transfer data between devices, identified by hardware address of physical memory

23. [Microarchitecture] Memory Controller Chip

    Manages the flow of data going to & from computers main memory

24. [Microarchitecture] Integrated Memory Controller (IMC)

    Communicates with memory chips

25. [CPU Virtualization] Intel Virtualization Technology

    Technology designed to expand hardware capacity & support multiple operating systems (Each OS appears to run on a different, independent computer)

26. [CPU Virtualization] Multi Threading

    Simulates an additional processor per CPU core. Doubles processing & increases efficiency

27. Multicore Processing

    Single processor with more than one physical processor inside

28. Clock Multipliers

    Speed ratio between the front side bus & the CPU (x86 - 32 bit, x64 - 64 bit)

29. Overclocking

    increases computer clock rate to speeds higher than designed by manufacturer, increases computer overall speed

30. Integrated Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)

    graphics chip integrated into motherboard that acts like video card. Generates a lot of heat and requires additional cooling

31. [Cooling] Heat Sink

    small ceramic or metal component with fins on a surface absorbs & disperses heat (known as a heat pipe on a lapop)

32. [Cooling] Liquid Cooling

    heated liquid is transferred to a radiator-type grill that cools it and returns it to the processor

33. [Cooling] CPU Fans

    Cools CPU Heat Sink

34. [Cooling] Thermal Paste

    eliminates air gaps on spaces between CPU & Heat Sink to maximize heat transfer & dissipation