Myocardial ischemia

48 flashcards · Other · by KRYSTEL ANN A MARTIN

1. Insufficient blood flow resulting to inadequate oxygen supply to the myocardium causing transient chest pain due to obstruction or spasm of coronary arteries

   Myocardial ischemia/angina pectoris

2. the most common form of angina, it is characterized by burning, heavy, or squeezing feeling in the chest

   Stable angina

3. chest pains occur with increased frequency, requires hospital admission and more aggressive therapy

   Unstable angina

4. Chest pain last for less than 15 minutes

   Stable Angina

5. Chest pain is last more than 15 minutes but not more than 30 minutes

   Unstable Angina

6. Recurrence is less frequent

   Stable Angina

7. Relieved by Rest or nitroglycerin

   Stable Angina

8. Recurrence is more frequent

   Unstable Angina

9. not relieve by rest or nitroglyycerin

   Unstable Angina

10. Is uncommon pattern of episodic angina that occurs at rest due to coronary artery spasm.

    Prinzmetal’s or Vasospastic Angina

11. Responds promptly to coronary vasodilators and calcium-channel blockers

    Prinzmetal’s or Vasospastic Angina

12. Also called Refractory Angina unresponsive to intervention.

    Intractable Angina

13. Respond poorly invasive procedures such as angioplasty or by pass surgeries

    Intractable Angina

14. Chest pain is longer duration, Occur at rest, Attack occurs in early hours of the day, May result from Coronary artery spasm

    VARIANT ANGINA

15. Occurs only at night and possibly associated with REM sleep

    Nocturnal Angina

16. Paroxysmal chest pain that occurs in sitting or lying down

    Angina Decubitus

17. Occurs after MI, when residual ischemia may cause episodes of angina

    Post infarction angina

18. Precipitating factors of angina

    Exertion, Emotion, Eating heavy meal, Environment

19. Promotes venous and arterial relaxation of coronary vessel and prevention of coronary spasm

    Nitroglycerine

20. causes coronary vasodilation and increases blood flow to the heart

    Nitroglycerine

21. Decrease peripheral resistance, decrease systolic pressure and preload

    Nitroglycerine

22. Relief of chest pain or angina and reduce the risk of heart attack and sudden death

    Nitroglycerine

23. ointment, sublingual, IV, patch, or oral “Imdur”

    Nitroglycerine

24. antidote for beta blocker poisoning

    Glucagon

25. antidote for calcium channel blocker overdose

    Glucagon

26. It prevents platelet from clumping and blood clots from forming

    PLATELET AGGREGATE INHIBITORS/ ANTI PLATELET

27. taken if can’t take aspirin

    Plavix

28. Results from prolonged lack of blood flow to a portion of the myocardial tissue resulting to lack of OXYGEN, DEATH or NECROSIS to the myocardial tissue

    Myocardial Infarction

29. Temporary deprivation of oxygen and transient absence of blood supply and other nutrients to the heart

    Myocardial ischemia/Zone of ischemia

30. Inflamed and Damage to the heart muscle (myocardium)

    Myocardial injury/zone of injury

31. Most commonly results from myocardial ischemia

    Myocardial injury/zone of injury

32. Death of myocardial tissue (MI), Complete oxygen deprivation, Irreversible damage

    Myocardial Necrosis/Zone of infarction

33. necrosis occurs throughout the entire thickness of the heart muscle

    Transmural (Q wave) infarction

34. extends from endocardium to epicardium

    Transmural (Q wave) infarction

35. necrosis is in the innermost layer of the heart lining chambers, Affects the endocardial muscles

    Sub endocardial infarction

36. patchy areas of the myocardium associated with long standing angina pectoris

    Intramural infarction

37. Develops due to area of infarction/tissue necrosis and are permanent

    Pathologic Q wave

38. the most sensitive enzyme for determining for heart muscle damage

    CK-MB

39. it elevates 4-6 hr after injury

    CK-MB

40. sensitive isoenzyme that indicates myocardial damage

    Elevated LDH 1 and LDH 2

41. due to inflammatory process

    Elevated WBC and ERS

42. lung sounds__________represents heart failure

    “crackles”

43. A balloon tip catheter is placed in a coronary vessel narrowed by plaque

    Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty

44. The balloon is inflated and deflated to stretch the vessel and flatten the lesion

    Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty

45. A diamond mesh tubular device is placed in the coronary artery, Prevents re-stenosis (after PTCA) by providing skeletal support

    Intra Coronary Stent

46. A blade tip catheter is guided in a coronary vessel to the site of the plaque, The plaque is cut, shave, or pulverized then removed

    Intra Coronary Atherectomy

47. A graft is surgically attached to the aorta and the other end of the graft is attached to a distal portion of a coronary vessel.

    Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

48. By passes obstructive lesion in the vessel and returns to adequate blood flow to the heart muscle supplied by the artery

    Coronary Artery Bypass Graft