CJC 302 MIDTERM

68 flashcards · Other · by Isabella Nicholson

1. When/Where was the first juvenile court?

   Chicago, 1899

2. Parens patriae

   Responsibility of the state to protect

3. Status Offenses (and Examples)

   Act not considered a crime if committed by an adult ex: truancy/running away

4. Restorative Justice

   focuses on restoring conditions before the harm victim-oriented bringing in the community

5. Breed v. Jones (1975)

   set precedence for 5th amendment right against double jeopardy in juvenile court

6. Kent v. United States (1966)

   set procedure and evidentiary standards for juveniles

7. In re Gault (1967)

   established due process rights for juveniles right to notice right to counsel right against self incrimination

8. In re Winship (1970)

   For juveniles, state must prove its case beyond a reasonable doubt

9. Delinquent

   a youth who commits an act that would be a crime if committed by an adult

10. Adjudication

    Decision

11. Petition

    a formal court process

12. detention

    temporary care who requires secure custody

13. Juvenile Justice in 16th and 17th centuries

    mindset change Medieval--> modern

14. Bridewell prison

    vagrancy and begging use of labor as punishment

15. Juvenile Court Act of 1899

    updated every 2 years individual diagnosis and treatment youth should not be detained with adults goal of probation is to investigate and rehabilitate prohibited detention for youth 12 and younger

16. Chicago Boys Court (1914)

    first form of diversion connected to different community service agencies agency would evaluate juvenile and determine if they were successful or not

17. Juvenile Rights Period

    1960-80s Juvenile Crime rate increased concept of superpredators and war on poverty were a thing

18. Four D's of Juvenile Justice

    Decriminalization Due Process Deinstitutionalization Diversion

19. Refuge Period

    During Civil war creation of the young men/women Christian Association many children left fatherless--> in need of support

20. Stubborn Child Law

    Massachusetts created first idea of a status offense

21. 1818-1869-

    formal definition of juvenile delinquency First uses of probation State reform schools (military schools)

22. Uniform Juvenile Court Act

    1968 provided care, protection, and development of youth without the stigma of a criminal label simplified interstate procedure

23. Intrastate procedure for transfer

    judge has to approve county transfer case closed in old county and file is given to new county

24. Interstate procedure for transfer

    Get permission from judge home visit in receiving state

25. Mala in se

    acts considered immoral or wrong in themselves

26. mala prohibita

    infringe on other's rights; not evil by nature

27. classical view

    individuals have free will focus is on crime law should bring most amount of happiness to most amount of people

28. General Deterrence

    punishment of one is meant to deter others (society)

29. Specific Deterrence

    punishment is geared to deter one person only

30. Durkheim's perspective

    crime is conduct universally disapproved of by society

31. Positivist view of crime

    individuals actions are not determined by free will (biological/cultural factors) focus is on the criminal

32. determinism

    human behavior is the product of multiple environments free will AND other factors

33. Dispositional Hearing

    determines court order

34. Psychological theories of crime

    criminals are morally insane personality is developed in early childhood

35. Sociological theories

    lack of education, poverty, poor housing, and conflict within the home all contribute to crime criminal behavior is learned

36. Shaw and McKay social disorganization

    cocentric zone theory Zones 1(inner city)--> Zone 5 (burbs)

37. Learning Theories

    criminal behavior is learned in interaction with others occurs in intimate personal groups

38. Labeling theory

    When individuals are labeled as delinquents, others may treat them as such. This increases the likelihood of those identified individuals having difficulty associating with “nondelinquents,” which may steer them toward associations with others labeled as delinquents to “fit in” and feel like they belong.

39. Most formative years of development and why

    0-3 develop their consciences start learning about consequences start developing their personality routines/structure

40. Adolescence

    12-19 primary support switches from family to friends lots of pressures rapid physical growth/sexual maturity

41. Late Adolescence

    16+ develop beliefs/value systems major life changes critical thinking skills develop

42. Risk Factors

    a characteristic that increases the likelihood that a child will become delinquent

43. 5 domains of risk

    individual family school peers Community

44. Protective Factors

    things that can reduce the negative impact of issues

45. overt behavior

    openly displayed behavior

46. covert behavior

    not openly displayed

47. Maltreatment

    an act or omission by a parent or other caregiver that results in harm or serious risk of harm to a child.

48. Examples of Maltreatment

    neglect Sexual abuse Physical abuse Psychological maltreatment medical neglect

49. Impact of Neglect on youth

    emotionally stunted fall asleep in school mimic at home behaviors disorganized/dysfunctional home

50. emotional abuse

    treatment which seriously damages a child's emotional development

51. physical abuse

    Nonaccidental and intentional physical harm by a caretaker

52. Mandated Reporting

    when a person is obligated to report to DCFS if they suspect abuse (education, law enforcement, childcare, healthcare)

53. Child Abuse Prevention and Enforcement Act

    funds available for child abuse and neglect enforcement/protection

54. Oppositional defiant disorder

    exceeds "typical" conduct emerges around preschool age

55. Conduct Disorder (+how to diagnose)

    aggression, lying, stealing manifests in ages 10 and younger aggressive to people and animals property destruction must show 3 or more of symptom behaviors after age 10 to be diagnosed

56. Antisocial Personality Disorder

    ages 18+ has conduct disorder before age 15 pattern of irresponsibility

57. Psychopathy

    lacking conscience/lack of accountability indifferent to consequences VERY RARE (3% in males)

58. Role of the court in child abuse/neglect cases

    decide what, when, and to what degree physical punishment steps beyond the legitimate exercise of parental authority

59. Vicarious trauma

    Real life strains experienced by others around the individual

60. Anticipated Strain

    the expectation that current strains will continue into the future or new strains will be experienced

61. cycle of violence and abuse

    intergenerational violence can be passed through most who are abused do not become abusers themselves

62. Delinquency and Child Abuse

    being abused neglected increases likelihood by 59%

63. Child Pornography

    possession, trade, advertising, and production of images that depict sexual abuse of children

64. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE exam)

    ask if juvenile has experienced certain life events that might be risk factors

65. Bullying

    negative acts carried out repeatedly over time can be physical, verbal, or psychological

66. Role of DCFS

    meant to evaluate a child's home situation to see if it is safe may take child out of guardian's custody if not suitable referred to home via report

67. Referral

    when a potentially delinquent youth is sent forward for legal processing and is received by a juvenile or family court or juvenile intake agency

68. Diversion

    filtering process that removes youths from formal juvenile court jurisdiction and places them on an alternative path that allows the case to proceed with adjudication.