MS&E #8 Failure

21 flashcards · Physics · by Kristóf Nagy

1. Thermal fatigue

   Damage caused by cyclic temperature changes, leading to cracking and failure

2. Stress raiser

   Geometric feature or defect that intensifies stress locally, promoting crack initiation and growth

3. Impact energy

   Energy absorbed by a material during fracture, measured by instruments such as Charpy and Izod machines

4. Fatigue life

   Number of cycles to failure under specific loading conditions

5. Fatigue strength

   Maximum stress level sustainable for a finite number of cycles without failure

6. Fracture toughness

   Resistance to crack propagation, determined by the critical stress intensity factor ((K_{IC}))

7. Fatigue limit

   Highest stress level below which fatigue failure does not occur for a theoretically infinite number of cycles

8. Fracture mechanics

   Study of fracture and deformation in materials, focusing on the interaction between stress, crack length, and material properties

9. Plane strain fracture toughness

   Critical stress intensity factor ((K_{IC})) under plane strain conditions, indicating resistance to brittle fracture

10. Fatigue

    Progressive fracture due to cyclic loading, causing cumulative damage and eventual failure

11. Transgranular fracture

    Separation of grains through their centers, revealing a fibrous, crystalline structure and suggesting ductility

12. Plane strain

    State of deformation where lateral contraction is prevented, causing hydrostatic stress and affecting fracture behavior

13. Izod test

    Similar to the Charpy test, but the specimen is clamped horizontally and struck vertically

14. Brittle fracture

    Sudden fracture with minimal plastic deformation, producing a flat, smooth surface

15. Case hardening

    Surface treatment of steel to create a hard, wear-resistant layer

16. Charpy test

    A method of measuring the toughness of a material by determining the energy absorbed during fracture from a single-blow impact

17. Corrosion fatigue

    Reduction in material strength due to the combination of cyclic loading and environmental corrosion

18. Creep

    Slow, viscoplastic deformation of a material under constant load and temperature

19. Ductile fracture

    Gradual fracture with substantial plastic deformation, producing a rough, jagged surface

20. Ductile-to-brittle transition

    Change in material behavior from ductile to brittle with decreasing temperature or increasing loading rate

21. Intergranular fracture

    Separation of grains along their boundaries, indicating poor adhesion and brittleness