CCM 2

8 flashcards · Other · by Daniel F.

1. Hofstede's national cultural dimensions

   power distance - accepting/respecting of authority uncertainty avoidance - tolerance for uncertainty individual vs group orientation - loyality towards oneself vs group masc vs fem orientation - work goals vs personal goals later short vs long-term orientation - virtues that realate to the past and present vs future later indulgence vs restraint - allowance for gratification vs not

2. criticism of Hofstede's dimensions

   Research methods single method data gathering under representative sample national cultures dimentions might overlap dimensions shouldnt be represented on a continuum 5th dimention not opposites territorial cultures are hard to characterize, there are differences within cultures

3. GLOBE research programme

   power distance uncertainty avoidance humane orientation - is being fair. altruistic, generous, caring rewarded institutional collectivism - is redistribution of resources rewarded in-group collectivism - do ppl express pride, loyalty and cohesiveness in their orgs or families assertiveness - confrontational and aggressiveness in relationships gender egalitarianism - minimizing gender equality future orientation - delaying gratification, planning and investing in the future performance orientati…

4. Culture clusters

   Anglo Latin Europe Nordic Europe German Europe Eastern Europe Latin America Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East Southern Asia Confucian Asia

5. EU cultures

   Lacks a clear cultural, political, or geographical identity Attempts at unity through the Council of Europe and the European Union Western Europe Greece Required financial assistance in 2011 Low score on future orientation dimension Latin Europe Personal approach to managing and organizing Highly developed bureaucracy with formalized hierarchy and procedures Reliance on family and personal relationships France Historical role as upholder of universal cultural values History as an ancient immigr…

6. Asian cultures

   Confucian Asia Impact of Confucian ideology Emphasis on hierarchy and community importance Limited regard for individual freedom and privacy China Importance of relationships for business success Focus on building a strong network (guanxi) Concept of mianzi, or "face," affects reputation and decision-making China as a global business player Described as wise, pragmatic, and focused on trust Japan Harmony (wa) is a core cultural principle Collaborative behavior and consensus-building within orga…

7. African and Middle East Cultures

   Africa Artificial colonial borders dividing ethnic groups Diverse languages, religions, and socioeconomic conditions Gradual shift towards democratically elected governments and privatized businesses Example of rapid business development: Nigeria Fundamental African personality traits Nondiscriminatory culture without prejudice Built-in trust and faith in humanity High moral standards rooted in history Horizontal political ideology with inclusivity Perpetual optimism South Africa (the Rainbow N…

8. American and Australian Cultures

   United States of America Aggressive drive for business success balanced by extensive legislation and company guidelines Clearly defined hierarchy in an impersonal organization structure Rules and regulations open to interpretation Strong employee commitment leads to ease of decentralization and delegation Future-focused optimism Bottom line serves as a primary measure of business success Immigration sources shifted from Europe to Latin America starting in the 1960s Canada Plurality of cultures…