CCM 1L

17 flashcards · Other · by Daniel F.

1. Three layers of culture analysis - Williamson (1996)

   institutional framework - background constraints of culture formal - explicit rules laws, regulations informal - implicit rules social conventions, rewards, sanctions norms values firm corporate strategy corporate culture individual skill and abilities personality and experience cross culturally

2. how cultural values are related to individual values and actions

3. how cultural values are related to international management

4. Definition of culture

   no one true definition collective programming complex whole including knowledge belief art morals law custom shared assumptions values practices and artifacts distinguishing values beliefs behaviors customs and attributs

5. characteristics of cultures

   learned behaviour transmitted from one member to another intergenerationally shared by society members defines membership to society and boundary of who is included adaptive stable but can change due to external forces multi level

6. levels of culture

   structural dimensions nested structure from macro level to individual level dynamic dimensions top-down-bottom-up processes change in one level changes other levels levels global culture - common culture due to globalization national culture ideas and things passed down through generations knowledge structures: systems of values, norms, attitudes, beliefs, rules, language, customs, symbols, material products e.g., food, houses, and transportation. Behavioural meanings: society Embedded in its i…

7. Levels of mental programming

8. Schein’s Iceberg vs Hofstede’s onion

   vs

9. Values

   Abstract ideas about what a group believes to be good, right, and desirable base of a culture Provide the context within a society's norms are established and justified emotional significance Reflected in the political and economic system of a society

10. Norms

    Social rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behaviour in particular situations Folkways Routine conventions of everyday life Actions of little moral significance Define the way people are expected to behave, violation of them is not normally a serious matter Foreigners may be excused for violating folkways Includes rituals & symbolic behaviour mores Norms seen as central to the functioning of a society & to its social life Much greater significance than folkways Violation can bring s…

11. Society

    A group of people who share a common set of values and norms

12. Socialization

    The process of learning the rules and behavioural patterns appropriate to one's given society, i.e. cultural learning

13. Social structure

    society's basic organizations groups two or more ppl with shared identity strata association based on characteristics - family background, occupation, income they have different mobility between they have different significance mobility how much can someone move between stratas

14. Religion

    Shared beliefs and rituals that are concerned with the realm of the sacred dominate religions Christianity Islam Hinduism Buddhism

15. Ethical systems

    A set of moral principles, or values, that are used to guide and shape behavior e.g. confucius values

16. Language

    spoken more than communication - connected with culture nature of language can change world view countries with more languages have more cultures unpoken non-verbal meta communication 80% of the communication gestures, personal space etc

17. High vs. Low Context Culture

    A culture's tendency to use high-context messages over low-context messages in routine