Basics - Organic Chemistry

15 flashcards · Other · by inquisitive learner

1. A saturated carbon is sp3 hybridised

2. The carbon of a double bond is sp2 hybridised

3. The overlap of n starting orbitals results in n new orbitals

   e.g the overlap of two 1s orbitals results in how many new molecular otbitals

4. bonding sigma orbital

5. antibonding sigma* orbital

6. nodal plane

   a plane in which there is no electron density

7. hybridisation

   the mixing of atomic orbitals on an atom as it interacts with another atom

8. Huckel's rule

   A condition for aromaticity in which a compound must have 4n + 2 π\piπ electrons (where n = 0, 1, 2, 3.. etc)

9. conjugation

   (systems with alternating single and double bonds) the interaction of a pi bond with another pi bond or a p orbital

10. Why is the C-C bond length in a diene shorter than the C-C bond length of an alkane?

    conjugation; the p orbitals of a

11. Conditions for aromaticity (3)

    continuously conjugated planar cyclic system Huckel's rule: (4n + 2) π\pi π electrons (i.e 2, 6 or 10 pi electrons)

12. Why are benzene molecules more stable than than their non-aromatic counterparts?

    the electrons in the benzene ring are delocalised closed bonding shell - all three bonding orbitals are filled

13. resonance energy of benzene

    152 kJ/mol; the difference between the triple hydrogenation of its Kekule structure and the actual enthalpy change of hydrogenation for benzene

14. conditions for antiaromaticity

    continuously conjugated planar cyclic system number of π\piπ electrons = 4n4n4n

15. Kekule structure

    a proposed structure oif benzene in which the molecule has a hexagonal ring linked by alternating double and single bonds (cyclohexa-1,3,5-triene