PASEPA - Chapter 2. Science and Policy

33 flashcards · Philosophy · by Kristóf Nagy

1. Power

   Signifies the ability to influence, dominate, or control others, often associated with the capacity to mobilize resources, garner support, and make consequential decisions affecting communities or organizations.

2. Frames

   Expresses cognitive templates, mental maps, or psychological schemas channeling perceptual biases, framing cognitive orientations, or sculpting affective dispositions, encoding latent prejudices, ingrained stereotypes, or unconscious presumptions.

3. Honest Brokers Of Policy Alternatives

   Personifies professionals aggregating diverse perspectives, distilling heterogeneous inputs, or collating manifold contributions, delivering exhaustive inventories, encyclopedic compilations, or omnium gatherums.

4. Science Arbiters

   Symbolizes sages adjudicating contentious squabbles, arbitrating irresolvable feuds, or settling rancorous quarrels, functioning as neutral umpires, detached judges, or fair-minded peacemakers.

5. Issue Advocate

   Incarnates experts vociferously championing favored causes, crusading for pet projects, or vouchsafing sacred missions, injecting passionate commitments and heartfelt zealousness into scholarly undertakings.

6. Pure Scientists

   Epitomizes investigators wholly committed to exploring universal truths, eschewing instrumental ties, sidestepping utilitarian attachments, and spurning expedient connections.

7. Wicked Problems

   Captures insoluble enigmas transcending reductionist explanatory frameworks, frustrating linear logic, and mocking positivist dogmatism, instantiating grand challenges impervious to simplistic panaceas.

8. Unstructured Problems

   Embodies recalcitrant obstacles flummoxing conventional approaches, thwarting customary solutions, and stumping seasoned practitioners, incubating daunting intellectual puzzles or bewildering mysteries.

9. Moderately Structured Societal Problems

   Depicts controversial matters marred by ambivalence, indeterminacy, or ambiguity, sparking vigorous dissensions, schisms, or fragmentations among affected constituents.

10. Moderately Structured Scientific Problems

    Portrays partially understood phenomena displaying residual unknowns, inconsistent findings, or equivocal conclusions, necessitating cautious extrapolations and guarded interpretations.

11. Structured Or Tamed Problems

    Signifies tractable predicaments exhibiting clarity, simplicity, predictability, and familiarity, permitting facile identification, precise diagnosis, and confident rectification.

12. Controversy

    Indicates polarized disagreements, contentious debates, or heated disputes revolving around divisive issues, fueled by disparate interests, values, or cognitions impeding consensus or convergence.

13. Policy Evaluation

    Systematically monitors, assesses, and documents policy performance, comparing anticipated versus actual achievements, diagnosing discrepancies, and identifying opportunities for refinement or enhancement.

14. Physical

    Leverages material alterations, spatial divisions, or architectural innovations to engineer settings, arrange objects, or restrict access, physically molding environments to facilitate policy goals.

15. Economical

    Manipulates financial levers or fiscal incentives embedded within policy instruments, adjusting prices, rewards, or subsidies to modify target populations' calculus and induce preferential behaviors.

16. Legal

    Invokes codified statutes, judicial rulings, or constitutional provisions to regulate conduct, administer punishments, or protect rights, anchoring policy instruments within legally binding frameworks.

17. Communicative

    Designates persuasive messaging tactics employed by policy instruments, harnessing language, visuals, or symbols to convey compelling narratives, sway opinions, or inspire attitudinal shifts favoring desired outcomes.

18. Policy Implementation

    Materializes the execution of approved policy blueprints, transforming theoretical designs into operational realities, allocating requisite resources, invoking suitable procedures, and galvanizing appropriate partnerships.

19. Decision Making

    Characterizes the decisional moments within policy cycles, where competing alternatives confront critical scrutiny, weighing merits against limitations, culminating in the endorsement of specific policy paths or trajectories.

20. Policy Formulation

    Constitutes the creative brainstorming and drafting period during policy cycles, where innovative schemes, programs, or initiatives emerge, synthesizing accumulated wisdom, fresh insights, and pragmatic considerations to generate viable policy candidates.

21. Agenda Setting

    Marks the initial phase of policy cycles, wherein pertinent issues or topics gain traction, receive focused attention, and secure slots on organizational or institutional schedules, preparing grounds for subsequent exploration and intervention.

22. Interactive Position

    Encourages open dialogues, collaborations, and synergies between science and policy, bridging epistemic divides, harmonizing distinct logics, and engendering reciprocities to foster integrated understandings and holistic perspectives for improved decision-making.

23. Technocratic Position

    Fosters heightened prominence for scientific expertise, technical acumen, and specialized knowledge in driving policy decisions, elevating experts to influential positions in shaping societal trajectories and undermining traditional political dynamics.

24. Politicized Position

    Recognizes the inherently intertwined nature of science and policy, conceding that political pressures, biases, and motives can seep into scientific research, thereby eroding the perceived purity and objectivity of academic studies.

25. Dualist Position

    Posits the existence of a rigid boundary separating science and policy spheres, maintaining the primacy of empirical data and analytical rigor within scientific pursuits and preserving the autonomy of research from political interference.

26. Governance

    Entails the systematic management, oversight, and guidance of organizations, networks, or systems to effectively accomplish predefined objectives, aligning diverse interests and resources in pursuit of shared goals.

27. Authoritative

    Implies having the recognized status, credibility, or mandate to dictate or prescribe rules, directions, or limits, often conferred by a higher authority or popular consent.

28. Value

    Represents a belief, principle, or ideal cherished by an individual, group, or society, shaping thoughts, emotions, and behaviors while contributing to collective identity and purpose.

29. Authoritative Allocation Of Values

    Denotes the process by which political entities officially assign relative worth, priority, or precedence to various societal values, aspirations, or concerns, thereby establishing official standards or benchmarks.

30. Politics

    Encompasses the struggle for power, influence, and decision-making authority among various stakeholders, operating within a larger societal context and guided by values, beliefs, and interests.

31. Policy

    Describes a carefully thought-out guideline or strategy developed to handle specific matters or respond to existing conditions, applicable in both public and private sectors.

32. Public Policy

    Represents a strategic plan or course of action adopted by a government or administrative entity to manage and resolve public issues or problems, reflecting societal values and goals.

33. Public Benefit

    Refers to the overall advantage or positive impact on society generated by a project, program, or activity, often considered during research or policy decision-making processes.