PASEPA - Chapter 5. Science in (societal) context

23 flashcards · Philosophy · by Kristóf Nagy

1. Open Data

   Making data openly accessible and usable to anyone with an interest in it, serving as an enabler of barrier-free knowledge discovery and adhering to the FAIR principles.

2. User involvement

   The involvement of users in research and innovation processes, which can reduce uncertainty, save money, and deliver creative solutions.

3. Interactive process

   A process in which users and producers are involved at every stage, replacing a linear model of innovation.

4. Civil society organizations (CSOs)

   Organizations that are non-governmental, not-for-profit, not representing commercial interests, and that pursue a common purpose for the public interest.

5. Upstream public engagement

   A more recent approach that involves public stakeholders right from the start of innovation processes in order to integrate their knowledge and expectations.

6. Dialogue model

   A later approach that acknowledged that there was something to learn on the side of science and science policy makers about the public’s views and demands. This approach still often restricts communication to an exchange about the outcomes of R&I.

7. Deficit model

   The historical view among the scientific community that the public mainly had to be addressed by researchers in an educational way due to a perceived knowledge deficit.

8. Political motives

   Motives related to power dynamics and relationships, such as empowerment of civil society or accountability and responsiveness.

9. Instrumental motives

   Motives related to achieving specific objectives or goals, such as R&I targeted towards societal needs or more effective R&I processes.

10. Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI)

    A normative framework that outlines how science and society should be positioned relative to one another, with the aim of fostering the design of inclusive and sustainable research and innovation.

11. Open Educational Resources (OER)

    Educational materials available for anyone to use (and sometimes adapt) without any form of payment, aiming to remove access barriers and increase the potential reach and impact of education.

12. Open access

    The practice of making research findings available free of charge for readers.

13. Open Science

    A shift towards a more open character of science, encompassing elements of Open Access and Open Data and focusing on improved efficiency and barrier-free knowledge discovery.

14. Doughnut economy

    A concept introduced by Kate Raworth that expands the notion of planetary boundaries with a similar approach to the fundamental needs of society.

15. Planetary boundaries

    Nine boundary categories defined by Rockström et al. that encompass the Earth system and indicate the sustainability of humanity's behavior.

16. Public Engagement (PE)

    The involvement of diverse stakeholders in research and innovation processes, including users and civil society organizations. PE can take various forms, including communication, consultation, and participation.

17. Triple bottom line

    A concept that considers people, planet, and profit in innovation decisions, with a nested structure that places sustainability criteria ahead of societal requirements and financial viability.

18. Sustainable Development Goals

    A set of 17 long-term sustainability goals established by the United Nations, covering a range of topics from poverty eradication to climate action.

19. Attention to sustainability aspects in current research

    The growing inclusion of sustainability aspects in research, fueled by the principles of RRI and public engagement.

20. Citizen Science

    Collaborations of professional scientists with laypeople, whereby the laypeople are subjects in (and not objects of) research, actively contributing by introducing research questions and perspectives and providing data.

21. Science Shops

    Institutions that function as intermediaries between researchers and citizens or civil society organizations, democratizing science and supporting citizens' aspirations through participatory research.

22. Participatory design processes

    Processes that involve users in defining development projects according to their goals and demands and accompanying the entire development process.

23. Methods of user involvement

    Various ways of engaging users in research and innovation, including ethnographic observations, user-centered design, and participatory design.