AS 357 ERAU Flight Physiology - Combined Quizes

57 flashcards · Biology · by Nicholas Enoul

  1. Quiz 1 - Physics of the Atmosphere What is the difference between the physiological zone and the physiological deficient zone?

    Given Answer: In the physiological zone, the pilot is well adapted to the altitude range (sea level to 10,000 ft). In the physiological deficient zone, the pilot requires supplemental oxygen. Without supplemental oxygen, they could experience hypoxia or problems associated with trapped gasses. My Answer: In the physiological zone, the pilot is well adapted to the altitude range (sea level to 10,000 ft). In the physiological deficient zone, the pilot requires supplemental oxygen. Without supplem…

  2. Quiz 1 - Physics of the Atmosphere Which four gas laws affect the physiological functioning of the body due to decreasing atmosphere pressure?

    Answer: Dalton's, Boyle's, Henry's, & Graham's

  3. Quiz 1 - Physics of the Atmosphere Tell us what you know about these gas laws: Dalton's, Henry's, Boyle's, Graham's, and Charles's.

    Given Answer: Dalton - cause of hypoxic hypoxia Henry - as pressure is decreased, gas from the solution can form bubbles in the joints, capillaries, lungs, spinal column and brain involves Boyle - when atmospheric pressure decreases, the volume of trapped gasses in the body will increase Graham - explains the exchange of oxygen between the blood and lungs Charles - can affect an oxygen cylinder's temperature and pressure My Answers: Dalton's Law: Total pressure = pressure 1 + pressure 2 + press…

  4. Quiz 1 - Physics of the Atmosphere Is the percentage of oxygen the same at sea level versus 18000' MSL (FL180)?

    Answer: Yes, the percentage is the same (~21%) and remains constant until around 60nm of the surface.

  5. Quiz 1 - Physics of the Atmosphere You have climbed from seal level to 12,000 feet to clear a deck of clouds. What happens to the temperature? What happens to the oxygen pressure in your lungs? What happens to the percentage of oxygen composition?

    Answers: Temperature likely to be lower due to the temperature lapse rate Oxygen pressure in the lungs decreases Percentage of oxygen stays constant (~21%)

  6. Quiz 1 - Physics of the Atmosphere What is responsible for most of the physiological problems pilots will face when flying at higher altitudes?

    Answer: Drop in atmospheric pressure.

  7. Quiz 1 - Physics of the Atmosphere When (at what altitudes) is the greatest atmospheric pressure differential encountered?

    Answer Given: Between sea level and 5,000 feet. Accepted Answer: SFC - FL100

  8. Quiz 1 - Physics of the Atmosphere When would the mean sea level altitude and the above-ground altitude be the same?

    Answer: When flying above the ocean or when ground elevation is 0 MSL.

  9. Quiz 1 - Physics of the Atmosphere At what height above the earth (in nautical miles) does the composition of the atmosphere remain constant to?

    Answer: 60nm

  10. Quiz 1 - Physics of the Atmosphere At what lapse rate (Celsius and Fahrenheit) does the atmospheric temperature in the troposphere decrease per 1,000 feet?

    Answers: -2°C/1000' -3.6°F/1000'

  11. Quiz 2 - Circulation & Respiration Explain (in a few sentences) why it is important for you, as a pilot, to understand your circulatory system. (ESSAY)

    My Written Answer: As oxygen, nutrients, and carbon dioxide are transported via our blood through the circulatory system, we must have a good grasp of it as pilots. This is so that we can understand the certain the risks involved if we do not properly maintain the system and its limitations at altitude. Examples include but are not limited to: Eating: when and what we choose to eat before a flight can have an impact on general performance, as we should consider the proper nutrients required for…

  12. Quiz 2 - Circulation & Respiration Explain (in a few sentences) why it is important for you, as a pilot, to understand your respiratory system. (ESSAY)

    My Written Answer: Without the respiratory system, the circulatory system would not be able to oxygenate blood or exhaust toxins out of our bodies. Some considerations prior/during a flight could include: Avoiding hyperventilation by controlling our respiration Understanding the importance of oxygen partial pressure and its effects at altitude Knowing the importance of carbon dioxide, and avoid breathing into a bag during an emergency

  13. Quiz 2 - Circulation & Respiration The PRIMARY FUNCTION OR FUNCTIONS of the circulatory system is/are the 1). transportation of nutrients and oxygen (O2) to the tissues and organs and removal of waste products (CO2) from the tissues and organs 2). transportation of hormones to the organs and tissues of the body 3). maintaining of the Acid-Base balance in the body 4). protection of the body against infection

    Answer: 1). transportation of nutrients and oxygen (O2) to the tissues and organs and removal of waste products (CO2) from the tissues and organs

  14. Quiz 2 - Circulation & Respiration 1). plasma 2). red blood cells 3). white blood cells 4). platelets 5). all of the above

    Answer: 5). all of the above

  15. Quiz 2 - Circulation & Respiration The factor or factors controlling blood flow is/are 1). pressure gradient, diffusion, and percentage of gases 2). work of the heart, pressure receptors, elasticity of the arterial walls, peripheral resistance, and blood viscosity 3). acid-alkali balance, hormones, and syncope

    Answer: 2). work of the heart, pressure receptors, elasticity of the arterial walls, peripheral resistance, and blood viscosity

  16. Quiz 2 - Circulation & Respiration Blood viscosity affects blood flow because thicker blood slows the filling of the heart and slows the flow of red blood cells through the blood vessels. (True/False)

    Answer: True

  17. Quiz 2 - Circulation & Respiration The primary function of the respiratory system is the 1). exhaling of oxygen and the inhaling of carbon dioxide 2). gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide 3). utilization of carbon dioxide at the tissue level

    2). gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

  18. Quiz 2 - Circulation & Respiration The phase of respiration that is responsible for the burning (oxidation) of oxygen and nutrients (cellular metabolism) and producing carbon dioxide is the 1). utilization phase 2). diffusion phase 3). ventilation phase 4). transportation phase

    1). utilization phase

  19. Quiz 2 - Circulation & Respiration If the acid base balance is upset by having too little carbon dioxide in the blood it becomes __________ and causes ____________. 1). acidic ……………. hypercapnia 2). alkaline …………. hypercapnia 3). alkaline ………….. hyperventilation 4). acidic …………… hyperventilation

    3). alkaline ………….. hyperventilation

  20. Quiz 2 - Circulation & Respiration The respiratory system performs several secondary functions which are 1). helping to control blood pressure and hormonal levels 2). helping regulate blood through the veins and the release of oxygen from the lungs 3). helping to control body heat balance, acid-base balance, and supports cellular metabolism

    3). helping to control body heat balance, acid-base balance, and supports cellular metabolism

  21. Quiz 3 - Hypoxia & Hyperventilation Explain what the term subjective hypoxic symptoms mean AND what the symptoms might be for yourself (in a few sentences). (Essay)

    Subjective hypoxic symptoms are symptoms that the person experiencing hypoxia could recognize on their own. Some examples can include: loss of peripheral vision euphoria tingly sensation on extremities

  22. Quiz 3 - Hypoxia & Hyperventilation Explain what the differences are between hypoxia and hyperventilation, AND also how you may or may not know the differences in the symptoms (in a few sentences)? (Essay)

    Hypoxia is a condition whereby the body does not have enough oxygen to operate effectively. Hyperventilation, on the other hand, is when the body breathes too fast and exhales too much carbon dioxide. Symptoms between the two are nearly impossible to discern. One of the only things that hyperventilation has instead of hypoxia are muscle spasms/irritability. In the air, hyperventilation should be treated as if it was hypoxia.

  23. Quiz 3 - Hypoxia & Hyperventilation Which phase(s) of respiration below is/are related to possibly causing hypoxia? (Pick all the correct answers, there are multiple answers) (Multiple Answers) A. Ventilation B. Diffusion C. Evaporation D. Transportation E. Utilization

    A. Ventilation B. Diffusion C. Transportation D. Utilization

  24. Quiz 3 - Hypoxia & Hyperventilation Stagnant hypoxia is caused by: (Multiple Answers) A. the blood not transporting the oxygen due to it transporting something else, such as carbon monoxide B. the complete stoppage of blood flow to the body because of heart failure or blood flow restriction C. excessive positive G forces on the body D. decreasing the gas exchange area in the lungs such as drowning

    B. the complete stoppage of blood flow to the body because of heart failure or blood flow restriction C. excessive positive G forces on the body

  25. Quiz 3 - Hypoxia & Hyperventilation The treatment for carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is to eliminate the CO through the: 1). digestive system as a solid waste 2). executory system as a liquid waste 3). respiratory system or lungs 4). nervous system as a gas

    3). respiratory system or lungs

  26. Quiz 3 - Hypoxia & Hyperventilation Hypemic hypoxia is caused by: (Multiple Answers) A. not having a normal amount of red blood cells B. not having enough hemoglobin to go around for each red blood cell C. donating blood D. a reduction of the partial pressure of oxygen or the reduction of the lung’s gas exchange area

    A. not having a normal amount of red blood cells B. not having enough hemoglobin to go around for each red blood cell C. donating blood

  27. Quiz 3 - Hypoxia & Hyperventilation Histotoxic hypoxia is caused by having _______________ in the body cells and tissues which __________ gas exchange. 1). narcotics…….allows for an effective 2). alcohol…….allows for an effective 3). alcohol or narcotics…….blocks effective

    3). alcohol or narcotics…….blocks effective

  28. Quiz 3 - Hypoxia & Hyperventilation Hypoxic hypoxia can be caused by: (Multiple Answers) A. reducing the partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs. B. an oxygen equipment malfunction C. a reduced blood flow D. holding your breath

    A. reducing the partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs. B. an oxygen equipment malfunction D. holding your breath

  29. Quiz 3 - Hypoxia & Hyperventilation Breathing 100% oxygen has it's limitations, and will begin to NOT prevent hypoxia (physiological deficient zone) above FL390 (39000' MSL) if you are in an unpressurized cabin. (True/False)

    True Note: chart can be found in 4-15. Above FL390, then you start requiring positive pressure breathing (since you only get 60mmHg at that altitude with 100% o2, +pressure breathing needs to give +40mmHg to compensate).

  30. Quiz 3 - Hypoxia & Hyperventilation The MOST critical organs in the body that should really concern a pilot when these organs do not get enough oxygen are the: 1). Muscles and Ligaments 2). Pancreas and Liver 3). Brain and Eyes 4). Stomach and Intestines

    3). Brain and Eyes

  31. Quiz 3 - Hypoxia & Hyperventilation Effects on the body’s nervous system that hypoxia can have are increased visual acuity and increased brain activity. (True/Flase)

    False

  32. Quiz 3 - Hypoxia & Hyperventilation Some of the characteristics of hypoxia are 1). a variable rate of onset and poor judgment 2). increased situational awareness and alertness 3). severe muscle spasms / tetany 4). better judgment and good decision making

    1). a variable rate of onset and poor judgement Note: spasms/tetany is only found during hyperventilation

  33. Quiz 3 - Hypoxia & Hyperventilation Hypoxia has several characteristics such as the onset rate of hypoxia, time of useful consciousness and judgment impairment. (True/Flase)

    True

  34. Quiz 3 - Hypoxia & Hyperventilation Which factor or factors listed below have an influence on a pilot developing hypoxic hypoxia and the rate of onset of the hypoxia? (NOTE: Pick the BEST answer) 1). A person’s physical condition is a factor 2). Taking drugs before flying or during flight is a factor 3). The cockpit temperature (too hot or too cold) can be a factor 4). All of the above

    4). All of the above

  35. Quiz 3 - Hypoxia & Hyperventilation The cause of hyperventilation is (Note: pick the BEST answer) 1). an excessive increase in the level of oxygen in the body due to applying 100% oxygen 2). an excessive loss of or too little of carbon dioxide in the body due to increased breathing rate probably from stress 3). an excessive increase in the amount of nitrogen in the body due to scuba diving

    2). an excessive loss of or too little of carbon dioxide in the body due to increased breathing rate probably from stress

  36. Quiz 3 - Hypoxia & Hyperventilation Recovery or treatment methods for hypoxic hypoxia is/are (Multiple Answers) A. climbing to a higher altitude as soon as possible B. administering 100% oxygen (and if needed pressure breathing) as soon as possible C. decreasing altitude below 10,000' MSL as soon as possible to increase the ambient pressure of oxygen available

    B. administering 100% oxygen (and if needed pressure breathing) as soon as possible C. decreasing altitude below 10,000' MSL as soon as possible to increase the ambient pressure of oxygen available

  37. Quiz 3 - Hypoxia & Hyperventilation We can control and prevent hyperventilation usually by consciously controlling our stress/anxiety and slowing our breathing rate down if we are stressed. (True/Flase)

    True

  38. Quiz 3 - Hypoxia & Hyperventilation The effects pressure breathing can have on a pilot who is pressure breathing are (Multiple Answers) A. the breathing cycle is reversed and difficult, inhalation is passive, exhalation is active B. some individuals may experience a sense of claustrophobia due to the pressure in the mask C. the positive pressure in the lungs may restrict the blood flow through the capillaries in the lungs, and venous blood flow to the heart D. feeling excited and enjoying the w…

    A. the breathing cycle is reversed and difficult, inhalation is passive, exhalation is active B. some individuals may experience a sense of claustrophobia due to the pressure in the mask C. the positive pressure in the lungs may restrict the blood flow through the capillaries in the lungs, and venous blood flow to the heart

  39. Quiz 4 - Pressure Change Hazards What 5 types of trapped gas situations occur in the body and how do you prevent/treat each one? (Essay) Note: Cite 5-6 to 5-7

    1). GI tract. To prevent this, don't eat/drink gassy food/drinks prior to a flight & don't chew gum (as that allows for air to be swallowed). To treat, breathe in 100% oxygen and descend to a lower altitude. Additionally, try to burp or 'pass flatus'. 2). Middle-ear block. To prevent this, don't fly sick. To treat, do following: Use valsalva and/or frenzel maneuver If pain occurs on ascent, descend immediately. If pain occurs on descent, level off and allow pressure to equalize, then slowly des…

  40. Quiz 4 - Pressure Change Hazards What is decompression sickness, what 4 types are there, and how do you treat DCS inflight and once you have landed? (Answer in a few sentences) (Essay)

    Decompression sickness occurs when there is nitrogen buildup in high-pressure environments (example includes deep sea diving) and the afflicted person enters an area of lower pressure. This pressure change allows the nitrogen to go out of solution and bubble out. Types include: Central Nervous System manifestations Chokes Skin manifestations Bends (joint and limb pain) If DCS occurs in mid-flight, immediately apply 100% oxygen & make an emergency descent. Once landed, if symptoms persist, the a…

  41. Quiz 4 - Pressure Change Hazards Trapped gas problems occur in the G.I. tract as a result of a mechanical effect in which the trapped gas expands in the air filled cavity. (True/Flase)

    True

  42. Quiz 4 - Pressure Change Hazards 1). 2). 3). 4). (True/Flase)

  43. Quiz 4 - Pressure Change Hazards 1). 2). 3). 4). (True/Flase)

  44. Quiz 4 - Pressure Change Hazards 1). 2). 3). 4). (True/Flase)

  45. Quiz 4 - Pressure Change Hazards 1). 2). 3). 4). (True/Flase)

  46. Quiz 4 - Pressure Change Hazards 1). 2). 3). 4). (True/Flase)

  47. Quiz 4 - Pressure Change Hazards 1). 2). 3). 4). (True/Flase)

  48. Quiz 4 - Pressure Change Hazards 1). 2). 3). 4). (True/Flase)

  49. Quiz 4 - Pressure Change Hazards 1). 2). 3). 4). (True/Flase)

  50. Quiz 4 - Pressure Change Hazards 1). 2). 3). 4). (True/Flase)

  51. Quiz 4 - Pressure Change Hazards 1). 2). 3). 4). (True/Flase)

  52. Quiz 4 - Pressure Change Hazards 1). 2). 3). 4). (True/Flase)

  53. Quiz 4 - Pressure Change Hazards 1). 2). 3). 4). (True/Flase)

  54. Quiz 4 - Pressure Change Hazards 1). 2). 3). 4). (True/Flase)

  55. Quiz 4 - Pressure Change Hazards 1). 2). 3). 4). (True/Flase)

  56. Quiz 4 - Pressure Change Hazards 1). 2). 3). 4). (True/Flase)

  57. Quiz 4 - Pressure Change Hazards 1). 2). 3). 4). (True/Flase)