AS 357 ERAU - Final Exam Prep (Compiled Tests)

96 flashcards · Biology · by Nicholas Enoul

Test 1 You have decided to hike Mt. Humphreys Peak up by Flagstaff, AZ, at an altitude of 12,637 feet MSL, what considerations should you take BEFORE AND DURING the hike in relation to avoiding a hypoxic situation? (Answer in a FEW sentences). (Essay)
Considerations before hike: 1). Eating and Hydration - what am I eating/drinking before and during the hike, have I packed enough water along as well? 2). Sleep - how much have I slept or how many hours I need to sleep prior to hike 3). Supplemental oxygen - at that altitude, I should consider bringing supplemental oxygen cans if possible 4). Study up on possible subjective symptoms and consider going into an altitude chamber prior to hike in order to know my own symptoms. 5). Make emergency pl…
Test 1 Why is access to a hypobaric (low pressure) or normobaric altitude chamber important to you as a pilot trainee at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University at Prescott, AZ, campus AND what subjective symptoms would you see most likely in yourself if you were getting hypoxic? (Answer both questions in a few sentences).
It is shocking to me that ERAU - the "Harvard of the Sky", invests so much into facilities here in PRC but still does not have an altitude chamber for students. One of the scariest facts about hypoxic hypoxia is that, if you don't know your symptoms, you may not react in time and have eaten up your TUC time without knowing. Everyone has subjective symptoms - (symptoms that they can experience) and it is not universal for everyone. Those subjective symptoms can include: 1). tingly feeling in bod…
Test 1 There are three functions of the atmosphere, but the one that involves humans, animals and plants in a life cycle and is the most important function of 1). thermal protection 2). gaseous support of life 3). radiation protection
2). gaseous support of life
Test 1 You are a first officer on an Airbus A320, having taken off from a sea level airport and are now flying at FL300 with an indicated cabin altitude of 8000' MSL, then the pressure of ambient oxygen has ___________ while the percent of oxygen at this cabin altitude has _________ 1). decreased…………..stayed the same 2). decreased…………..increased 15% 3). increased………….. increased 10%
1). decreased…………..stayed the same Note: remember, total oxygen pressure has decreased, but the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere does not decrease - it remains constant up to 60nm
Test 1 The zone that causes a pilot varying problems including trapped gas problems, decompression sickness, hypoxic hypoxia, and it ranges from ______________________________ and is known as the______________________________. 1). 50,000 feet to 63,000 feet…………space equivalent zone 2). sea level to 10,000 feet…………….physiological zone 3). 10,000 feet to 50,000 feet………… physiological deficient zone
3). 10,000 feet to 50,000 feet………… physiological deficient zone
Test 1 As the pilot of an aircraft ascends into the atmosphere, their physiological problems will stem from the 1). increase in atmospheric pressure 2). decrease in atmospheric pressure 3). increase in nitrogen percentage
2). decrease in atmospheric pressure
Test 1 Transporting nutrients and oxygen to the body's tissues; and transporting carbon dioxide from the body's tissues to the lungs is the primary function of the 1). respiratory system 2). digestive system 3). circulatory system
3). circulatory system
Test 1 To move the blood from the heart to the tissues requires the blood be under pressure, and the direct formation of blood pressure is created by the heart rate, stroke volume and peripheral resistance. (True/False)
True Note: This comes from p 2-8. Cardiac output is Heart Rate * Stroke Volume and is also affected by peripheral resistence
Test 1 You are piloting an unpressurized aircraft at 12,000 feet you can expect your cardiac output and respiratory system to be compensating by adjusting and responding to the body’s exposure at this altitude. (True/False)
True Note: Graphs as follows: Indifferent Stage (sfc-10,000) - You are built for this Compensatory Stage (10,000-15,000) - Body starts to compensate, not totally impaired Disturbed Stage (15,000 - 20,000) - As far as I know, body isn't built for this and cannot compensate any further. We can only be up here for limited periods Critical Stage (>FL220) - ur ded :3
Test 1 Respiration is the bringing of ___________ into the body for absorption and oxidation by the tissues and the removal of ________________ 1). oxygen………..carbon monoxide 2). carbon monoxide………..oxygen 3). oxygen………carbon dioxide
3). oxygen………carbon dioxide RFQ RFA
Test 1 The gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide is the primary function of the ________ system. 1). respiratory system 2). circulatory system 3). nervous system
1). respiratory system
Test 1 The pilot skipped lunch due to running late for an early afternoon flight. Today’s flight will have the pilot cruising at 11,500 feet for 4 hours. The pilot’s cellular metabolism during the flight will be 1). unchanged thus still providing a high energy level 2). greatly reduced causing the pilot to be at a low energy level 3). very high allowing the pilot to have a high energy level
2). greatly reduced causing the pilot to be at a low energy level
Test 1 The pilot is dependent on this phase of respiration to move and deliver oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues, and to move carbon dioxide to the lungs. 1). ventilation phase 2). transportation phase 3). diffusion phase 4). utilization phase (True/False)
2). transportation phase
Test 1 1). 2). 3). 4). (True/False)
Test 1 You are not feeling well due to developing a sore throat and cough. You are scheduled to fly today so you take a cough medicine that contains a narcotic drug. During the flight you can tell the medicine is working to control the sore throat and cough but you are now experiencing blurred vision and sleepiness. That’s when you remember that a narcotic drug can block the diffusion of oxygen into the body’s tissues and realize you may be suffering ________________ hypoxia. 1). hypoxic 2). hy…
3). histotoxic
Test 1 Hypoxia is a state of ____________ deficiency in the body sufficient to cause an impairment in function and can occur_____________. 1). carbon dioxide ……….only at the higher altitudes 2). oxygen……………….. from ground level up 3). oxygen…………………only at ground level
2). oxygen……………….. from ground level up
Test 1 A pilot has smoked for 30 years and has destroyed over half of his air sacs this is causing him breathing problems and must use oxygen in order to survive. This pilot's respiratory problems exist because of 1). the reduced gas exchange area causing hypoxic hypoxia 2). the blocking of the exchange of oxygen into the tissues causing histotoxic hypoxia 3). the reduced gas exchange area causing hypemic hypoxia
1). the reduced gas exchange area causing hypoxic hypoxia
Test 1 The pilot needs to be concerned with the decreasing atmospheric pressure when flying at altitude in an unpressurized aircraft or a pressurized aircraft that has lost its pressure because this can cause a ____________ in the differential pressure between the oxygen in the air sac and red blood cell that can result in___________. 1). decrease…….. hypemic hypoxia 2). decrease………hypoxic hypoxia 3). decrease………histotoxic hypoxia
2). decrease………hypoxic hypoxia
Test 1 A pilot exposed to hypoxia will have their brain affected in direct proportion to _____________ of hypoxia exposure and _____________________. 1). the duration………severity (altitude) of the exposure 2). just the duration…… how severe the exposure is not a factor 3). a long exposure………. an altitude of 10,000 feet.
1). the duration………severity (altitude) of the exposure
Test 1 There are no differences in the subjective symptoms and the onset rate of hypoxia between different individuals. (True/False)
False
Test 1 The time of useful consciousness (TUC) is the period of time 1). a pilot has before going unconsciousness when flying an unpressurized aircraft 2). from the exposure to an oxygen poor environment, or interruption of oxygen supply, to the time when useful function is lost. 3). a pilot has to get to a lower altitude and out of the range of hypoxia before going unconscious.
2). from the exposure to an oxygen poor environment, or interruption of oxygen supply, to the time when useful function is lost.
Test 1 If the pilot does not recognize their symptoms of hypoxia in a timely manner, meaning the pilot’s symptoms are almost fully developed and they are about to exceed their TUC, then the pilot 1). may not be able to execute the procedures to recover from hypoxia 2). still has an excellent chance to execute the procedures to recover from hypoxia
1). may not be able to execute the procedures to recover from hypoxia
Test 1 You have just leveled at FL270 in a business jet. Your breathing rate is near normal. You begin to feel dizzy, you are developing a tingling in both hands, have a feeling of well-being and note your fingernails are turning a purplish blue. You are suffering from 1). the bends 2). decompression sickness 3). hyperventilation 4). hypoxic hypoxia
4). hypoxic hypoxia
Test 1 The prevention of hypoxic hypoxia is based on keeping the physiological factors of the percentage of oxygen, the pressure of oxygen, and the oxygen—hemoglobin saturation in the lungs and blood in the pilot’s normal operating range. (True/False)
True
Test 1 Positive pressure breathing is required when the air sac oxygen pressure decreases below ____ mmHg pressure. The maximum positive pressure that can be administered is ____ mmHg pressure and this limit is due to a ________ limitation. 1). 100………50…….lung 2). 80………..50…….mask 3). 60………..25…….mask
3). 60………..25…….mask Note: If you have less than 60 mmHg on 100% oxygen (FL390), then you will need +pressure breathing. However, your lungs can only take about 30 mmHg. However, due to mask limitations (outboard leaking), and human limitations (middle ear bulging, uesatian), this sits at around 25mmHg. Anything above that and ur ded :3
Test 1 The cabin altitude has been slowly climbing to your cruise altitude of FL280. There had been some work done on the pressurization system before takeoff to fix the altitude warning on the pressurization system, but it has failed to alert you to the situation. You now begin to experience your symptoms of hypoxia. You should (in the correct order)_______. 1). go on 100% oxygen, check your breathing rate, check your equipment and then begin an emergency descent 2). start a slow descent, chec…
1). go on 100% oxygen, check your breathing rate, check your equipment and then begin an emergency descent
Test 1 Hyperventilation is the result of an excessive ______________________ in the blood. 1). build up of oxygen only 2). loss of too much carbon dioxide 3). loss of oxygen 4). build up of carbon monoxide
2). loss of too much carbon dioxide
Test 1 You are on your Instrument Check Ride flying at 6000'MSL doing an instrument approach, you begin to stress, feel anxious and nauseas, you then feel your breathing depth & rate pick up and you notice light headedness, irritation, and severe muscle spasms begin. You are experiencing 1). stagnant hypoxia 2). hyperventilation 3). histotoxic hypoxia 4). hypemic hypoxia
2). hyperventilation
Test 1 What is a method to prevent hyperventilation. 1). increase breathing rate and depth 2). stay calm, consciously slow your breathing rate and depth, and talk to yourself 3). smoke a cig or hit a vape 4). hold your breath
2). stay calm, consciously slow your breathing rate and depth, and talk to yourself
Test 1 You can personally help your body prevent hypoxia by 1). eating healthy, staying hydrated, limit or do not use alcohol the day before, do not smoke, and acclimate your body for altitude 2). smoke heavily, eat a diet of only Taco Bell, drink only strong coffee all day, and stay up all night before 3). giving a blood donation the day you fly
1). eating healthy, staying hydrated, limit or do not use alcohol the day before, do not smoke, and acclimate your body for altitude
Test 1 You are on a solo instrument cross-country flight and notice your carbon monoxide detector changes color in the aircraft and you also smell fumes. You feel lightheaded, tingling in your fingers, dizzy, and you feel euphoric. You are experiencing __________ and should ___________. 1). histotoxic hypoxia...........climb immediately 2). hypemic hypoxia............use 100% oxygen if available and do an emergency descent below 10000'MSL, and vent the cabin if able 3). hyperventilation........…
2). hypemic hypoxia............use 100% oxygen if available and do an emergency descent below 10000'MSL, and vent the cabin if able
Test 1 You get an awesome opportunity to fly in the backseat of the World's Greatest Air Superiority Fighter (WGASF), the F15C Eagle, during an aggressive high G turn during a dog fight, you notice you are feeling light-headed, your peripheral vision goes away (tunnel vision), and you feel like you are about to go unconscious. You are experiencing 1). stagnant hypoxia 2). hypoxic hypoxia 3). hyperventilation
1). stagnant hypoxia
Test 2 SCENERIO: You are an Airbus 320 Captain and are flying from JFK to PHX at FL360. You all of a sudden here a loud bang, see debris flying through the cockpit area and see what looks like fog in the cockpit area (no smell of smoke), and all of a sudden you feel: light headed/tingling in your extremities (1) your gut feels bloated, teeth hurt, and your ears pop with some intense pain (2) and you have severe pain in your joints/and sharp knife feeling with shortness of breath in your chest (…
1). Explosive decompression 2). use oxygen mask ASAP, declare emergency, and emergency decent to the nearest airport ASAP 3. relates to: hypoxic hypoxia (loss of oxygen pressure) trapped gases in teeth and lungs and middle ear the bends, decompression sickness as nitrogen comes out of solution in joints
Test 2 What are the (FAR's) Federal Aviation Regulations/requirements for oxygen usage for PART 91 flight operations? (essay)
Above 12,500' MSL, need supplemental oxygen for flight duration greater then 30 mins above FL14,000' MSL, min crew need to have o2 on at all times above 15,000' MSL, need to provide o2 to all occupants
Test 2 The hazards of pressure change can be as dangerous as ____________________ even though the body can adjust to __________ changes in pressure. 1). stagnant hypoxia……. small 2). histotoxic hypoxia…… small 3). hypemic hypoxia…….. large 4). hypoxic hypoxia……... large
4). hypoxic hypoxia……... large
Test 2 The aircraft you are in has depressurized to FL340 and your G.I. Tract has expanded to 5 times its original volume. You are experiencing severe gas pains this could cause ________________ 1). your blood pressure could drop causing convulsions in the chest. 2). the gas trapped in the G.I. tract to be equalized if you climb to at least two thousand feet above FL340. 3). your blood pressure could drop causing you to go unconsciousness. 4). an inability to pass the gas out through the lower…
3). your blood pressure could drop causing you to go unconsciousness.
Test 2 You are flying in an unpressurized aircraft at FL240. You are on 100% oxygen. You begin to feel the effects of gas expansion in your G.I. Tract. To begin to relieve the pain of the expansion of gases in the G.I. Tract you may need to ______________, but to cure the problem completely you may have to ___________________. 1). belch and pass flatus………..descend lower or even to ground level 2). massage the abdominal tract............. climb to an altitude that is higher 3). climb to a higher…
1). belch and pass flatus………..descend lower or even to ground level
Test 2 The best way to avoid trapped gas problems in your teeth while flying at higher altitudes is to __________________________ 1). ignore cavities, tooth issues, abscesses, etc. 2). see a good dentist with regular checkups, not fly with known tooth issues (cavities, abcesses, etc.) 3). go to the dentist only every 2 or 3 years 4). use the Valsalva manuever
2). see a good dentist with regular checkups, not fly with known tooth issues (cavities, abcesses, etc.)
Test 2 A pilot experiences a middle ear block on descent this occurs because the airflow _______ the middle ear is being obstructed or blocked by the _____________ 1). into………. vein leaving the middle ear 2). out of……. artery going to the middle ear 3). into ……… Eustachian tube 4). out of……. inner ear tube
3). into ……… Eustachian tube
Test 2 A pilot is getting over a head cold. She is scheduled to fly a sightseeing flight in an unpressurized aircraft. The highest expected altitude she will be flying at is 12,000 feet. If she agrees to fly the flight, she could be setting herself up for a physiological problem or problems of ____________________ 1). decompression sickness known as the chokes and/or a sinus block 2). a middle ear and/or a sinus block 3). decompression sickness known as the bends and/or a middle ear block 4). a…
2). a middle ear and/or a sinus block
Test 2 The Valsalva maneuver is a good method to clear the ___________________ when _____________ 1). G.I. Tract and middle ear ……ascending 2). sinuses as well as the inner ear……descending 3). middle ear and sinuses ……..descending 4). middle ear and sinuses ……ascending (True/False)
3). middle ear and sinuses ……..descending Note: Gotta remember that the eustachian tube is effective if the middle hear has a higher pressure (lower altitude) than the pressure being experienced (ascending). This is because its easier for pressure to push against the eustachian tube outward. This is not the same with thee inverse.
Test 2 You are Captain for a commercial airline. You and your First Officer have a leg to St. Croix island. You both go scuba diving while you are there. For your departure time home and in accordance with the FAA recommendations, you both must wait a minimum of___________________before flying. 1). no wait required, we can hack it 2). 4-6 hours 3). 8-10 hours 4). 12-24 hours
4). 12-24 hours
Test 2 The pilot’s aircraft has undergone a rapid decompression to FL 300. The pilot is now exposed to a ________________ risk to develop decompression sickness and must_________________. 1). low...................continue the flight 2). moderate.................climb to a higher altitude 3). significant................use 100% Oxygen, descend immediately and seek medial attention 4). low...........use diluted ambient air/oxygen mixture before descending
3). significant................use 100% Oxygen, descend immediately and seek medial attention
Test 2 During the de-nitrogenation process, it takes the average person _________ hours to remove 98% of the nitrogen out of the body. (Use the De-nitrogen Whole Body Chart below) A. 1 hour B. 3 hours C. 4 hours D. 2 hours
C. 4 hours
Test 2 A pilot develops symptoms of decompression sickness after a rapid decompression. The treatment recommended to help resolve the problem of decompression sickness while still in flight is to __________________ 1). begin an ascent to 3000 feet above the current cruise altitude which will begin to force the nitrogen bubbles back into solution, and administer a mix of oxygen and ambient air. 2). begin to breathe 100% oxygen while climbing to an altitude that is 2000 feet above the current cru…
3). to get on 100% oxygen, then begin a descent to increase the pressure on their body. The higher pressure will begin forcing the nitrogen bubbles back into solution.
Test 2 A pilot experiences a rapid decompression of 8 seconds and goes from a cabin altitude of 8000 feet to their cruise altitude of FL350. The physiological problem or problems that could occur to the pilot is/are _______________________ 1). middle ear and sinus problems, plus G.I. Tract gas expansion. 2). nitrogen gas in the body coming out of solution and forming bubbles in the body. 3). carbon dioxide gas in the body coming out of solution and forming bubbles in the body. 4). A (1) and B (…
4). A (1) and B (2) above occurring.
Test 2 Aircraft pressurization serves the purpose or purposes of insuring the ________________ 1). only the safety of the crew and passengers. 2). safety, protection and comfort of the crew and passengers. 3). only the comfort for the crew and passengers 4). 100 % oxygen is kept at a constant level in the cabin
2). safety, protection and comfort of the crew and passengers.
Test 2 The most CRITICAL disadvantage of a pressurization system is the ______________ 1). loss of the pressurization system at altitude 2). increased time and cost of maintaining the system 3). added weight of the system which decreases range and/or payload 4). B and C above.
1). loss of the pressurization system at altitude
Test 2 You are flying an Boeing 737 Max and a passenger window/emergency door blows out. The airplane depressurizes. What is the PRIMARY control of the rate of onset for physiological problems that the passengers will experience because of this decompression? 1). Pressure differential and ratio 2). The flight altitude/flight level the aircraft is at 3). Volume of the pressurized cabin area 4). Size of the opening in the fuselage
2). The flight altitude/flight level the aircraft is at -- Notes -- I had initially believed it was A (1). However, Pressure diff/Ratio only relates to the SEVERITY, while altitude is Rate of Onset for physiological effects. It is a totally different story for Rate/Time of Decompression (has no relation to physiological onset or severity) which relates to: volume of pressurized cabin Size of the opening Pressure Ratio Pressure Differential
Test 2 You are flying an Airbus 320 and it loses its pressure, taking about five seconds for the pressurized area to go from 6,500 feet to FL 330. This decompression is classified as a ___________ decompression. 1). explosive 2). rapid 3). moderate 4). slow
2). rapid -- Note -- Types of Decomp: Explosive = < 1 second Rapid = 1-10 seconds Slow = >10 seconds
Test 2 The aircraft you are flying is undergoing a slow depressurization. The indications you would expect of a SLOW depressurization are _____________ 1). having loose debris flying towards the opening in the aircraft that is causing the decompression, fogging will occur, possible windblast and decreasing temperature and pressure will occur. 2). experiencing a change in pressure in the middle ears and sinuses; a warning of some sort, such as an audio or visual warning; and if the warning signa…
2). experiencing a change in pressure in the middle ears and sinuses; a warning of some sort, such as an audio or visual warning; and if the warning signals are ignored the pilot will begin to experience their hypoxia symptoms.
Test 2 You are the first officer on a Boeing 777. You have just experienced a rapid decompression to 37,000 feet, which is your cruising altitude. You are delayed in getting your oxygen mask on your face, because you failed to set up the equipment properly, so you need to turn the system on and set the switches properly. Because of these delays and the altitude you are now at, you can expect your exposure at this altitude to cause you to experience ________________ 1). no physiological problems…
3). abdominal gas expansion and hypoxic hypoxia, possible middle ear, sinus and DCS problems.
Test 2 An aircraft oxygen system, from a purely physiological standpoint is needed __________________ 1). just on pressurized aircraft to provide a backup system in case of the loss of pressurization. 2). as a backup in case of a loss of pressurization in a pressurized aircraft. 3). to allow pilots to fly above 10,000 feet when flying in an unpressurized aircraft. 4). Both B (2) and C (3) above
4). Both B (2) and C (3) above
Test 2 The diluter demand oxygen system on your commercial aircraft provides ambient air mixed with oxygen until __________________ and then provides 100% oxygen above _____________________, and it's emergency altitude capability is rated to a maximum of ____________________ 1). 10,000 ft.............25,000 ft............25,000 ft 2). 34,000 ft............34,000 ft...........40,000 ft 3). 40,000 ft.............40,000 ft..........greater than 40,000 ft 4). 25,000 ft............25,000 ft.........…
2). 34,000 ft............34,000 ft...........40,000 ft Note: check 7-7
Test 2 You are a first officer on a commercial airliner. The aircraft you are flying has a service ceiling of 43,000 feet. You are flying across the ocean at FL410 and would expect to find a ___________________ type of oxygen system for the pilots and a _____________________type of oxygen system for the passengers on this aircraft. 1). diluter demand …………pressure demand 2). continuous flow………..diluter demand 3). pressure demand …………continuous flow 4). pressure demand ……….. diluter demand
3). pressure demand …………continuous flow
Test 2 A loud noise lasting for 4 seconds at 130 decibels and 6000 Hz has caught you off guard with no hearing protection. The hairs measuring the 6000 Hz and 130 decibel intensity in the hairy seashell (cochlea) have been damaged but they will be regenerated. This is called a ____________________ 1). temporary perceptive hearing loss 2). temporary conductive hearing loss. 3). permanent perceptive hearing loss. 4). permanent conductive hearing loss
1). temporary perceptive hearing loss
Test 2 A conductive hearing loss in a pilot will be in the _________________ 1). semi-circular canals and inner ear. 2). outer and/or inner ear. 3). outer and/or middle ear. 4). middle and/or inner ear.
3). outer and/or middle ear. -- Notes -- Lsn 18 & 19 CH 8 Slides Conductive Hearin Loss (outer/Middle Ear) Caused by Mechanical Problems or Blockage of sound Usually Temporary But can be permanent such as defect or bone calcification Perceptive (inner ear - cochlea) Split into temporary and permanent Hair/cells effected can recover (temp) Hair/cells get permanently damage (perm)
Test 2 You have a wax build up in the external ear canal producing a ___________ hearing loss which can cause a ______________ loss of hearing. 1). perceptive……….permanent 2). conductive………permanent 3). perceptive ………temporary 4). conductive………temporary
4). conductive………temporary -- Notes -- Lsn 18 & 19 CH 8 Slides Conductive Hearin Loss (outer/Middle Ear) Caused by Mechanical Problems or Blockage of sound Usually Temporary But can be permanent such as defect or bone calcification Perceptive (inner ear - cochlea) Split into temporary and permanent Hair/cells effected can recover (temp) Hair/cells get permanently damage (perm)
Test 2 A perceptive hearing loss can be ____________________ due to __________________ 1). rapid only……. a loud noise or long exposure to noise 2). rapid or slow…… either an extremely loud noise over a short time period or less intense noises but repeated over a period of time 3). slow only……. a less intense noise but the exposure is repeated over and over
2). rapid or slow…… either an extremely loud noise over a short time period or less intense noises but repeated over a period of time -- Notes -- Lsn 18 & 19 CH 8 Slides Conductive Hearin Loss (outer/Middle Ear) Caused by Mechanical Problems or Blockage of sound Usually Temporary But can be permanent such as defect or bone calcification Perceptive (inner ear - cochlea) Split into temporary and permanent Hair/cells effected can recover (temp) Hair/cells get permanently damage (perm)
Test 2 You remembered in the class lecture/discussion that we discussed permissible daily exposures (the chart in class & textbook), and we also discussed that C172 while you are on the Riddle flight-line produces about approximately 100-108 db (decibels) range of noise. Your maximum recommended exposure time WITHOUT hearing protection is 1). 8 hours 2). approximately 3 - 15 minute 3). NO limit 4). zero, you MUST have hearing protection
2). approximately 3-15 minutes Note: Ref 8-2 table 8-2
Test 2 You are flying your C172 (Riddle 007) on a cross country flight with passengers (your family) and you get into significant turbulence that is causing gust velocity and significant aircraft vibrations. What are some symptoms you and they may begin to get? 1). tingling in your extremities, cyanosis, tunnel vision 2). joint pain, skin rash, the chokes 3). Fatigue, distraction, nausea, loss of appetite, perspiration, stress 4). euphoria, air hunger, feeling of relaxation
3). Fatigue, distraction, nausea, loss of appetite, perspiration, stress
Test 2 The force that causes a pilot the physiological problems due to acceleration forces is the ______________ 1). acceleration force, that is, the movement of the aircraft. 2). inertial force or the force opposite the movement of the aircraft. 3). inertial force or the force that is in the same direction as the movement of the aircraft. 4). the Jedi force in the same direction as Yoda
2). inertial force or the force opposite the movement of the aircraft.
Test 2 The G forces being applied to the pilot’s body (body weight 150 lbs) during a loop is approximately _____ G’s and the body weighs ______ pounds under this G force. A. 2................450 lbs B. 3...................600 lbs C. 4....................600 lbs D. 1...................300 lbs
B. 3...................600 lbs note: to get the latter number (600), just multiply the G's by the weight given. However, I have absolutely no reference where that 3 g's come from when doing a loop. Likely from in-class, and I just remembered it at the time because I like fighter jets, but unsure.
Test 2 A pilot sitting upright in their seat while pulling out of a dive is experiencing a tunneling of vision, then a graying of vision and finally a total blacking out of vision. The G force the pilot is experiencing is _________________ 1). positive G's 2). transverse G's 3). negative G's 4). complex radial and angular negative G's
1). positive G's
Test 3 -- Scenario -- A pilot you know must get to an important meeting with his boss in another city. He owns his own plane and decides to fly there solo. -- Other facts -- A. He is recovering from a head cold and still has some congestion in his head. B. He has an instrument rating but hasn’t flown on instruments for real or under the hood for more than 6 months. C. On the morning of the flight, the weather is IFR from takeoff to landing. D. As he enters the weather he finds himself behind th…
1). Primarily medical issues alongside being un-proficient. 2). Few steps: a. Shouldnt have flown with sickness to begin with, alongside the fact that they havent flown instrument in such a long time b. Declare an emergency, divert, and land ASAP. Yes, the meeting is important, but under these circumstances the pilot's life is at risk. c. Solely trust the plane's instruments if under spacial d d. Do not panic. Take things slowly, get help from ATC as necessary. Focus on aviating, then navigatin…
Test 3 -- Scenario -- You are flying at night as a Captain in a Lear Jet on final approach to Deer Valley Airport. You detect movement to your right and turn your head to see what it is and you are blasted with a bright green light that blinds you temporarily. You know you have suffered a laser attack and your central vision is affected such that you cannot read the instruments. -- ANSWER THE FOLLOWING -- 1. What are your immediate actions while flying the airplane following our rule of thumb:…
1). first I would try to continue flying the aircraft, using instruments only if I cant see outside. Then navigate the aircraft away from laserDeclare, trying to get the laser to hit the fuselage. Then I would declare an unauthorized laser strike, the time, location, and direction of laser strike. 2). Once safely landed, comply with ATC and personell as required then file a report on FAA website. (NOTE FROM PROF) #2) Also go see the doctor and your AME to make sure you do not have permanent eye…
Test 3 A pilot who is a cigarette smoker has a much higher chance of being involved in an aircraft landing accident at night than a non-smoker because the smoker at night has a _____________________ 1). reduction in their vision that they may not be aware of. 2). faster response to act which could lead to an incorrect response. 3). reduction in their ability to see because their vision is dimmed and there is a decrease in their overall visual acuity. 4). A (1) and C (3) above (True/False)
4). A (1) and (2) above
Test 3 The concentration of alcohol in a person's blood and brain is dependent on the amount of alcohol consumed, the rate of absorption of the alcohol into the body, and the rate the alcohol is processed out of the body. (True/False)
True
Test 3 The reason alcohol takes so long processing out of the body is the constant rate it is processed through the _________ and what is not being processed _________ 1). lungs….……continues to circulate throughout the body 2). liver……….. pools in the small intestines 3). stomach……pools in the small intestines 4). liver ………..continues to circulate throughout the body
4). liver ………..continues to circulate throughout the body
Test 3 The human liver will provide a pilot with __________________ 1). 2). 3). 4).
Test 3 A pilot has accrued a significant amount of sleep debt (70 hours) and chronic fatigue. The possible influence of microsleeps is NOT a threat to the pilot because the pilot will ALWAYS be able to predict when a microsleep is about to happen? (True/False)
False
Test 3 A pilot crosses 6 time zones and their MOST significant symptom of jet lag is the ________________ 1). loss of efficiency and the increased time it takes to react to a situation. 2). fatigue experienced because of the time difference that will take multiple days to adjust too. 3). disrupted eating habits because of having to eat their meals off their regular schedule. 4). constipation the pilot experiences because of jet lag.
2). fatigue experienced because of the time difference that will take multiple days to adjust too. Note: I cannot figure out where the reference for this is. This might, unfortunately, be a factor of rogue memorization.
Test 3 A pilot’s flying schedule has them flying the same six legs a day for four days with one day off and repeating that schedule two more times. The flying requires frequent, repetitious, demanding performance over the 10 day schedule. There is insufficient time to recover from each day’s fatigue. The pilot could be coming under the influence of ______________________ 1). acute skill fatigue 2). chronic skill fatigue 3). physical skill fatigue 4). circadian skill fatigue
2). chronic skill fatigue
Test 3 The rods of the eye are designed to provide the pilot with __________________ 1). motion detection and peripheral vision. 2). precise vision and seeing small details. 3). the ability to see objects in decreased light situations 4). A (1) and C (3) above
4). A (1) and C (3) above
Test 3 A pilot is taxiing for takeoff at night. They are looking straight ahead when their peripheral vision detects motion of something to their right. They turn to look straight at the object but do not see anything. The object is not visible to the pilot. Why isn’t the pilot seeing the object? 1). The pilot’s optic nerve is causing the object to not be seen. 2). The pilot’s lens is not allowing the object to be focused onto the fovea. 3). The object is being focused onto the fovea but there…
3). The object is being focused onto the fovea but there is not enough light to trigger the cones for the pilot to see the object (night blind spot).
Test 3 As a pilot who is acclimated (adjusted) to sea level ascends in altitude, the effect altitude will have on night vision is to ________ the pilot’s visual sensitivity by up to ________ at 10,000 feet and is caused by __________________________ pressure getting to the eye. 1). reduce……….25%...........the decreased oxygen 2). not change…..0%.............the decreased carbon dioxide 3). increase……..25% ………the increase of oxygen 4). reduce……….30%...........the decreased nitrogen
1). reduce……….25%...........the decreased oxygen
Test 3 You are on a night flight with no moon, a hazy sky that blocks out the stars, and Salt Lake Center reports traffic at your 12 o'clock position at 10 miles. Your sky search of several minutes does not allow you to see anything. Then you remember that illusion that causes one’s focal length to decrease to a resting position 3 to 6 feet in front of you. That illusion is called _______________ 1). aerial perspective. 2). Autokinesis. 3). interposition. 4). Space Myopia
4). Space Myopia
Test 3 You are landing at an airfield that has a normal width runway and your eyes are using an illusion created by the eye to aid in judging the distance from and the height above the runway when landing. This form of geometric perspective is called _______________. 1). aerial perspective. 2). linear perspective parallel lines. 3). motion parallax. 4). interposition.
Test 3 You change the pitch and bank of the aircraft to descend and turn. The proprioceptive sensor/receptor that tells you that you have made the control changes in pitch and bank, and to what degree you moved the controls are the _______________ 1). semi-circular canals 2). otolith organs 3). muscle activity sensors 4). pressure receptors
3). muscle activity sensors
Test 3 You are completing a procedure turn to the right; you used a half-standard rate turn to conduct the turn of 180 degrees resulting in the turn taking 120 seconds. At about 30 seconds into the turn your semi-circular canal registering the turn will indicate ____________________ and when you roll out of that turn to intercept the inbound course your semi-circular canal would indicate ____________________. 1). turning to the right……… ………….you are feeling like you are flying straight and leve…
2). a sensation of not turning……........ a turn in the opposite direction, or a turn to the left.
Test 3 When the occupant of a crashed aircraft is attempting to escape from the aircraft the ensuing fire can pose problems for the occupant. The problems the escapees face are _________________, but the biggest problem they face ___________ 1). flames and dust……. are the flames. 2). hot metal and toxic fumes…… are the toxic fumes. 3). smoke and hot metal…… is the hot metal. 4). heat and smoke…….. is the smoke.
4). heat and smoke…….. is the smoke.
Test 3 You have been denied your medical certificate, but you remember the FAA will always consider additional information such as _________________________. 1). additional tests 2). opinions of other medical doctors 3). if there is no progression of the disorder you have over time 4). All of the above
4). All of the above
Test 3 Having carbon monoxide gas molecules from smoking attach to the red blood cells (hemoglobin) will cause hypemic hypoxia and cause the aviator to be at a higher physiological altitude then what they are actually flying at. (True/False)
True
Test 3 The cause of an alcoholic hangover is PRIMARILY attributed to ____________________ 1). a lack of and poor quality of sleep after drinking 2). an over abundance of oxygen in the body 3). the body being in a state of dehydration 4). the body's inability to remove the excess carbon dioxide built up in the body
3). the body being in a state of dehydration
Test 3 When the body’s blood sugar level falls below the level necessary to support the body’s need for energy the pilot is going to suffer ______________________ 1). hyperglycemia or a high blood sugar situation 2). a mild case of hyperventilation 3). air hunger from an increase of carbon dioxide build up in the tissues 4). hypoglycemia or a low blood sugar situation
4). hypoglycemia or a low blood sugar situation
Test 3 The NTSB has determined that the NUMBER ONE problem impacting a pilot's ability to safely fly an aircraft is __________________ 1). lack of checklist procedures 2). lack of situational awareness 3). fatigue from sleep deprivation 4). lack of good CRM
3). fatigue from sleep deprivation
Test 3 Depth perception information is generated by making a judgment about the ______________________________ 1). the contour and outline of objects 2). the color and hue of objects 3). size or shape of an object and its placement in relation to other objects 4). the weight and balance of items
3). size or shape of an object and its placement in relation to other objects
Test 3 A rated pilot is caught in a cloud bank and enters a graveyard spiral. The pilot must believe what their _________________________ are telling them about what the aircraft is doing in order to exit and recover from the spiral dive they have created. 1). guts (6th sense) 2). flight instruments 3). seat of the pants (proprioceptive) feelings 4). inner ear (vestibular senses)
2). flight instruments
Test 3 One type of the Leans Illusion begins because____________________ 1). the semi-circular canal measuring that turn is over stimulated. 2). the otolith organs that would measure the turn are not stimulated 3). the otolith organs are over-stimulated 4). the semi-circular that would measure the turn is not stimulated because the rate of turn is below its threshold to begin measuring the turn (very slow turn)
4). the semi-circular that would measure the turn is not stimulated because the rate of turn is below its threshold to begin measuring the turn (very slow turn)
Test 3 The Coriolis Illusion is triggered when all three semi-circular canals are stimulated at the same time, usually caused by moving the head to fast/quickly while in a turn. (True/False)
True
Test 3 You are flying a visual approach to a wider than normal runway than you are used to, therefore you will perceive that you are _______ on the glide path and will fly a __________ than normal approach. 1). high...........lower 2). low …….. higher 3). low.........normal 4). right.........normal
2). low …….. higher
Test 3 The proprioceptive (seat of the pants) input registers the forces in the vertical and horizontal planes. (True/False)
True
Test 3 Since 87% of aircraft crashes have fire and 75% of deaths are fire related, fire poses two problems for the occupant to escape from the container, they are known as the DEATH TWINS and are _________________ but the bigger problem of the two is ___________. 1). flames and visibility……..flames 2). smoke and hot metal……hot metal 3). hot metal and toxic fumes……toxic fumes 4). heat and smoke……..smoke
4). heat and smoke……..smoke
Test 3 The pilot that must decrease their cockpit instrument scan and focus on only one or two items due to stress has the psychological (mental) stress of ____________________ 1). omission 2). narrowed concentration 3). sequential delaying 4). micro error
2). narrowed concentration
Test 3 A breath analyzer can be used to check a person's alcohol level and thus their intoxication level because the ________ will process some of the alcohol out of the body; and the urine drug test is effective in detecting alcohol in the body because the _________ process the alcohol out of the body by having the individual urinate. 1). lungs...............liver 2). stomach...............liver 3). lungs..................stomach 4). lungs……..kidneys
4). lungs……..kidneys Note: NOT liver, kidneys!!! RFA RFQ
Test 3 Alcohol is PRIMARILY (90%) processed out of the body through the __________________and requires ______________to process. 1). kidneys...................carbon dioxide 2). lungs.....................oxygen 3). brain...................power 4). liver....................water
4). liver....................water