EIB 2 Ch. 3

8 flashcards · Other · by Daniel F.

1. Justice

   often used to mean fairness, fair treatment of members of groups or fair compensation of prior injuries Unfairness creates injustice when cases are not treated in the same fashion

2. Equality

   treatment of people with a moral equality

3. procedural justice

   Fair procedures: everyone has been free to acquire rewards for their efforts

4. distributive justice

   Fair outcomes: consequences are distributed in a fair manner. recommended as a basis of distribution Equal share for each. To each according to their need. To each according to their effort. To each according to their contribution. If equality income was guaranteed, then the lazy would receive as much as the ones doing things. But effort is hard to measure

5. utilitarian view of justice

   maximization of happiness ultimately determines what is just and unjust Economic distribution distribution should happen for social-well-being and happiness but it doesn’t tell us which economy system to use answer depends on relevant social, economic and political facts Two main points Worker participation and a more equal distribution of income Declining marginal utility of money increasing income of those who earn less would boost total happiness Justice is maximised when social utility is

6. Libertarianism

   Justice is identified with an ideal of liberty; this is the prime value Justice is to permit each person to live as they please, free from interference from others Liberty allows only a minimal state, confined to narrow function of protecting individuals against violations of their liberty Roots Robert Nozick, proponent of libertarianism Lockean rights Negative: require that people refrain from interfering with others. Natural: possess them independently of any social/political institutions. No…

7. John Rawls theory of justice

   features The state of nature, social contract approach Rawls derives principles of justice through this approach. how should we decide on principles of justice? Our position in society is likely to determine what is right or wrong about how to distribute goods in society Poor, rich, advantaged, and disadvantaged have different priorities that may influence their judgement. Solution: choose in the original position Thought experiment: veil of ignorance Individuals are allowed to choose the princ…

8. Problems of Rawlsian theory

   Practical relevance: Rawls assumes everyone will want more of the primary social goods. But in cases of extreme scarcity: Would you rather have freedom of speech or a meal to eat?