MSK Skin and Vertebrae

First two lectures Tuesday and Wednesday

54 flashcards · Other · by Jared Blackwell

  1. Epidermis; thick skin. Stratum corneum Stratum lucidum Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basale (stratum germinativum). Malpighian layer (stratum Malpighi). Known as integumant system (living system) Stratum granular, spinosum and basale. Protects body, temp regulation, sensation.

  2. Rete pegs/ridges Epithelial extensions into dermis. Dermal papillae Project into epidermis. These help increase SA and adhesion. Metabolic exchange

  3. Epidermis: basal layer Top are keratin filament bundles. Blue are hemidesmosomes. Basement membrane.

  4. Basal layer Keratin filaments connect to hemidesmosomes which attach basal lamina to dermis via Type IV Collagen. Type VII collagen secreted by keratinocytes connect to Type IV collagen in basal lamina.

  5. Spinous layer Blue are desmosomes. Basal layer.

  6. Keratin filament bundles Desmosomes

  7. What is major function of keratinocytes and junctions?

    Keratinocytes and their junctions (desmosomes/hemi) provide reinforced epithelum to resist mechanical forces.

  8. What is the difference in bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris?

    Bullous pemphigoid is autoimmune disease in hemidesomosome. Pemphigus vulgaris is autoimmune defect in desmosomes.

  9. Describe the blue layer?

    Granular layer Few layers thick. Contains keratohyalin granules basophilic granules that contain profilaggrin. Spinous layer

  10. What is the function of profilaggrin and filaggrin?

    Profilaggrin is in granular layer and a precursor to filaggrin. Profilaggrin cross-links keratin filaments to into reinforced bundles in cornified layer. Filaggrin acts as natural moistruzier to keep keratinocytes in cornified layer hydrated.

  11. What happens with a genetic defect in filaggrin?

    Increased permeability of allergens, atopic eczema.

  12. Keratohyalin granules containing profilaggrin. In the granular layer.

  13. Lamellar bodies in granular layer. Secrete lipid for waterproof.

  14. What cancer do keratinocytes give rise to?

    Keratinocytes give rise to basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas.

  15. Purple is melanocyte Red is melanin granules in keratinocytes.

  16. Melanocyte

  17. Pagetoid migration upwards is sign of malignant melanoma.

  18. Langerhans cells

  19. Langerhans cell

  20. Langerhans cells in stratified squamous epithelium.

  21. Merkel cell Mechanoreceptor Merkel cell carcinoma.

  22. Dermis layer Type I & III collagen Elastic fibers Proteoglycans Contains Fibroblasts, Mast Cells, Lymphocytes, Plasma cells.

  23. Dermis layer Dermal papillae Papillary layer Reticular layer Dermal papillae connect with rete of epidermis.

  24. Periungual telangiectasia CT disease Common in Lupus, RA. Clustered small dilated blood vessels.

  25. Beau's line sign of severe past illness.

  26. Clubbing sign of cardiopulmonary disease.

  28. Infundibulum Sebaceious gland to surface. Isthmus Arrector pili to sebaceous gland. Supra-bulb and bulb. Arrector pili

  29. Outer root sheath Inner root sheath Hair matrix Hair papilla

  30. Hair follicles in cross section: Outer root sheath Inner root sheath Hair

  31. Anagen Active growth phase. Catagen Regression of hair follicle. Telogen Resting stage. 75% hair in anagen.

  32. Difference between Telogen Effluvium and Anagen Effluvium?

    Telogen Effluvium has too many follicles in telgoen, postpartum hair loss; may be triggered by illness Anagen Effluvium due to chemotherpay.

  33. Difference in Androgenetic Alopecia and Alopecia areata?

    Androgenetic alopecia = male pattern baldness. Due to Androgens. Alopecia areata = autoimmune destriuction.

  34. Alopecia areata: autoimmune destruction.

  35. Eccrine Sweat glands Sweat gland duct Myoepithelial cells Sweat gland.

  36. Sebaceous gland.

  37. Sebum- lipid filled dead cells. Cells accumulate lipid.

  38. Apocrine sweat gland associated with hair. In areola, axilla, groin. Pheromones, secrete glycoprotein metabolized by bacteria.

  39. Pacinian corpuscle sense pressure. Hypodermis Eccrine sweat glands are the things that look like grape clusters.

  40. Meissner's corpuscle sense find touch. Upper dermis (dermal papillae), extend into epidermis

  41. Meissner's corpuscle sense fine touch. Upper dermis (dermal papillae), extend into epidermis

  42. Pacinian corpuscle sense pressure. In the hypodermis.

  43. Also what is spondylolysis?

    Superior articular process Vertebral body Transverse process Pars interarticularis Spinous process Lamina Inferior articular process Spondylolysis is a fracture in the pars interarticularis of vertebral arch.

  44. C1 = ATLAS Has no body or spinous process Atlanto-occiptal joint for flexion/extension. C2 = AXIS Odontoid process (dens). Atlanto-axial joint for ROTATION. Dens goes through the foramen of C1.

  45. Unlabeled ligament that is oblique is the atlanto-axial ligament.

  46. Vertebral bodies Anterior longitudinal lig. Posterior longitudinal lig. Spinous processes interspinous ligament Laminae Ligmentum flavum

  47. Spinous processes Ligamentum nuchae Transverse process intertransvere ligament.

  48. Describe lumbar puncture and epidural anesthesia

    Lumbar puncture at Cauda equina needle thorugh the Subarachnoid space. Epidural anesthesia needles enters epidrual space, right next to Ligamentum flavum.

  49. Herniated disc Nucelus puplosus forced thorugh damaged annulus fibrosus. Posterior annulus is weakest.

  50. Erector Spinae Muscles (intermediate) Spinalis Longissiumus Iliocostalis Main extensors. Unilateral contraction results in lateral bending. Inv. by posterior rami

  51. Transversospinal Muscles (deep) Semispinalis Multifundus Rotatores Extensors and contralateral rotators of vertebrae. *names describe origin and insertion. Inv. by posterior rami

  52. TOP Median nerve (C6-8) Radial nerve (C6-8) Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6 -7) Radial nerve (C5, 6) Axillary nerve (C5,6) BOTTOM Ulnar nerve (C8, T1) Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (C8, T1)

  53. Vertebral a. Ascending cervical a. Post. intercostal aa. Subcostal a. Lumbar aa Iliolumbar a. Lateral sacral aa. Iliolumbar a. Median sacral a.

  54. Atopic Dermatitis Front of Wrist, Elbow, Neck Behind Neck and Knee Psoriasis Palms Knee Elbow Back head Dyshidrotic Eczema Palm Thumb Front knuckles Seborrheic Dermatitis around face back of head Tinea Versicolor Manubrium Directly behind manubrium Contact Dermatitis Back of hand Knuckles