Lower Extremity & Vertebrae

68 flashcards · Other · by Jared Blackwell

  1. Right Femur - Posterior Gluteal tuberosity goes into Linea Aspera Medial epicondyle Medial Condyle Intercondylar notch Lateral Condyle

  2. At the top is Intercondylar Eminence Lateral Condyle Tibial Tuberosity Medial Condyle Head of fibula Tibia Fibula Lateral malleous Fibular notch Medial malleous

  3. Fibula shaft Tibia Fibula Medial Malleolus Lateral Malleouls Talus

  4. Distal phalanges Proximal Phalagenes (1-5) Sesamoid Bones Metatarsals (I-V) Medial Cuneiform Intermediate Cuneiform Lateral Cuneiform Base of 5th Metatarsal Navicular Cuboid Talus Calcaneous Tibia Fibula

  5. Iliac crest Ilium Anterior Superior Iliac Spine Anterior Superior Iliac Spine Ischium Obturator foramen Acetabulum

  6. Ilium Sacrum Ischial Tuberosity Pubic Symphasis Femur head Greater Trochanter Lesser Trochanter

  7. Fovea Head of femur Neck of femur Greater Trochanter Lesser Trochanter Femur shaft

  8. Ant. Sup. Iliac Spine Ant. Inf. Iliac Spine Post. Sup. Iliac Spine Post. Inf. Iliac Spine Greater Sciatic Notch Lesser Sciatic Notch Left is Posterior Right is Anterior

  9. Femur Patella Tibia Tuberosity Tibia Fibula

  10. 5) Distal phalange 18) Intermediate phalange 23)Proximal Phalange 25) Sesamoid bone 17) Metatarsals 15) Medial cunieform 4) Cuboid 19) Navicular 26) Talus 27) Tibia 3) Calcaneous

  11. 7) Tibia 27) Fibula 26) Talus 19) Navicular 15) Medial Cuneiform 4) Cuboid 3) Calcaneous 17) Metatarsals 25) Sesamoid 23) Proximal phalanx 5) Distal phalanx

  12. Iliofemoral ligament prevent hyperextension. Pubofemoral ligament prevents hyperabduction. Ischiofemoral ligament limits internal rotation

  13. Tensor fascia latae & IT band A- Abducts and medially rotates thigh INV: Superior gluteal nerve. O: ASIS & Iliac crest I: Lateral tibia

  14. Gluteus medius Superior gluteal artery Piriformis Inferior gluteal artery Superior gemellus Sciatic nerve Obturator internus Inferior gemellus Quadratus femoris

  15. Gluteus Maximus Extensor of hip O: Posterior ileum/sacrum I: Gluteal tuberosity femur and IT Band. Inv: Inferior gluteal nerve. ***ONLY gluteus maximus

  16. Piriformis "pear-shaped" A - Lateral rotation of thigh, abductsflexed thigh. O - Anterior sacrum Ins - Greater trochanter INV - Ventral rami **Sciatic nerve under piriformis.

  17. Gluteal Medius A- Abducts & medial rotate thigh O - Post. ilieum I - Greater trochanter Inv - Superior gluteal nerve **Sup. gluteal nerve damage results in pelvic tilt.

  18. Injury to superior gluteal nerve affects which muscles and actions?

    Gluteus medius and minimus and tensor fascia latae. Impacts abduction of thigh and medial rotation of thigh.

  19. Hamstring (Lateral --> Medial) Bicep femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus A- Flex leg, extend thigh O- Ischial tuberosity

  20. Bicep femoris A- Long + short flex knee Long only extend thigh O- Ischial tuberosity I- Head of fibula Inv- Sciatic nerve.

  21. Semitendiosus O- Iscihial tuberosity I- Medial tibia Inv- Sciatic nerve *More superficial *Tendon used as cruciate repair.

  22. Semimembranosus Same action, origin, and innervation as hamstrings. Insertion at Post. Medial tibia. Deep to semiten.

  23. Which muscles are working?

    Piriformis Hamstrings Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius, minimus, and tensor fascia latae.

  24. Locations of Bursae?

    Greater Trochanter- Glut. medius/minimus and piriformis insert. Opposite actions. Ischial tuberosity- Weaver's Bottom is inflammation of bursa separating gluteal maximus from ischial tuberosity. Squaters. Prepatellar bursa

  25. Superior gluteal nerve. Glut Medius/mini, TFL Inferior gluteal nerve. Glut Max. Sciatic nerve Hamstrings Adductor magnus Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve Skin posterior thigh Tibial nerve Plantaris, popilteus Common fibular/pernoneal nerve Sural nerve. Skin of posterolateral leg.

  26. Superior gluteal artery Inferior gluteal artery Medial circumflex femoral artery Wraps around neck femur, hip fracture (fracture neck of femur) impacts medial circumflex artery. Perforating Deep femoral artery (hamstrings) Popliteal artery & vein Continues from femoral artery - big anterior thigh artery, passes from anterior to posterior. Small saphenous vein.

  27. How could you injure Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve? Where is it?

    Located near sciatic nerve, splits under piriformis. Supplies area of ischial tuberosity, also branch runs to genitalia. Bike rides, thigh tourniquette during knee replacement.

  28. A woman was involved in a moderate speed, head-on collision.CC was a sore right hip and an inability to move her thigh. Physical exam revealed the involved limb was adducted, flexed and medially/internally rotated. Xrays revealed a posterior dislocation of the right hip joint and fracture of the posterior margin of the acetabulum. What nerve is affected?

    Sciatic nerve because it is closest to fracture of acetabulum.

  29. What is the Curual Fascia?

    Continues with fascia lata of thigh. Forms retinacula, band of fascia helps hold long tendons in place. Compartment syndrome may arise from internal bleeding.

  30. Gastrocnemius A- Flexion of leg & Plantarflexion. O- Distal Femur I- Calcaneus tendon (achilles) Inv- Tibial Nerve. Most superficial *May have sesamoid bone in lateral head.

  31. Soleus A- Plantarflexion O- Posterior tibia & fibula I- Calcaneous Inv- Tibial nerve Deep to gastrocnemius

  32. Flexor Hallucis Longus A- Flexes great toe O- Posterior fibula I- Distal phalanx Inv- Tibial nerve *Most lateral

  33. Flexor digitorum longus A- Flexes toes 2-5 O- Post. tibia I- Toes 2-5 posterior to ankle joint. Inv- Tibial nerve

  34. Tibialis posterior A- Inversion of foot O- Post. tibia & fibula I- Sole of foot. Wrap around foot. Inv- Tibial nerve

  35. Popliteal Fossa Fasica lata - roof Popliteus - floor (green)

  36. Describe muscles that go through Tarsal Tunnel

    Tom Dick an' Harry From medial malleolus to the calcaneous through the Tarsal Tunnel goes Tibialis Posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus, Artery & Nerve, Flexor Hallucis Longus **Tibialis Posterior near Tibia.

  37. Popliteus A- Lateral rotate femur "unlock knee" Inv- Tibial nerve *Use for tendon graft.

  38. Plantaris A- Weak plantarflexion Inv- Tibial nerve Not everyone has one. Goes over popliteus

  39. What is a Baker's cyst and what does it damage?

    Popliteal cyst - behind knee. May damage the tibial nerve.

  40. Sartorius A- Flexes hip and knee. Lateral rotate hip (thigh) O- ASIS Inv- Femoral nerve

  41. 2) Vastus lateralis 1) Rectus femoris 3) Vastus medialis 4) Vastus intermedius (DEEP) ALL insert on tibial tuberosity via patellar or quad ligament. ALL flex leg.

  42. Rectus femoris A- Extend leg, weak flexion of thigh O- Anterior INFERIOR Iliac spine I- Tibial tuberosity Inv- Femoral nerve

  43. Vastus lateralis A- Extend leg I- Tibial tuberosity Inv- Femoral nerve

  44. Vastus medialis A- Extend leg I- Tibial tuberosity Inv- Femoral nerve

  45. Vastus intermedius A- Extend knee I- Tibial tuberosity Inv- Femoral nerve

  46. Iliopsoas Psoas major Psoas minor iliacus A- Flexes hip and stablizes hip joint I- Lesser trochanter Inv- Femoral nerve AND Lumbar Ventral Rami.

  47. Pectineus A- Adduct and extend hip Inv- Femoral AND obturator nerve

  48. Gracilis A- Weak adduction of hip and flexion of leg Inv- Obturator nerve

  49. Adductor longus A- adducts hip Inv- obturator nerve

  50. Adductor magnus A- adducts hip, flex hip, extend hip Inv- Obturator AND sciatic nerve.

  51. Describe the Femoral Triangle

    From lateral to medial: Femoral Nerve --> Femoral Artery --> Femoral Vein --> Femoral Canal (lymphatics) Iliacus-> Pectineus-> Adductor longus-> Gracilils Femoral nerve over iliacus

  52. Where does the saphenous vein enter?

    Saphenous vein enters through opening in fascia lata.

  53. What is the femoral sheath?

    Extension of fascia from abdomen. Holds vessels entering thigh.

  54. External iliac artery Inguinal ligament Femoral artery Obturator artery Deep femoral artery Adductor hiatus Popliteal artery

  55. Lateral circumflex femoral artery 18% Medial circumflex femoral artery 82%

  56. Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve Skin of lateral thigh Obturator nerve Adductors, gracilis, some pectineus. Femoral nerve Quads, sartorius, iliacus some pectineus, skin of anterior thigh Saphenous nerve Skin of medial leg

  57. Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve Anterior femoral cutaneous nerve Saphenous nerve Obturator nerve

  58. Iliacus Femoral nerve Femoral artery Pectineus Tensor fascia latae Adductor longus Sartorius Vastus lateralil Rectus femoris

  59. What does the Meniscus do?

    Deepens flat tibial plateau to match with rounded femoral condyles.

  60. Lateral collateral ligament next to tendon of popliteus muscle. Medial collateral ligament

  61. IT band Pes anserinus

  62. ACL - attaches from anterior tibia to lateral femoral condyle PCL - attaches from posterior tibia to medial femoral condyle -Prevent femur from slipping off tibia, limits knee rotation.

  63. Tibialis anterior A- Dorsiflexion of foot. Invert foot. Inv- Deep fibular nerve

  64. Extensor digitorum longus A- Extension of toes 2-5. Dorsiflexion of foot. Inv- Deep fibular nerve

  65. Extensor hallus longus A- Extension of great toe. Dorisflexion of foot. Inv- Deep fibular nerve

  66. Deep fibular nerve From sciatic nerve bifurcates into common fibular and tibial nerve. Anterior tibial artery Dorsalis pedis artery

  67. Fibularis longus A- Eversion of foot. Plantarflexion of foot. Inv- Superficial fibular nerve

  68. Fibularis brevis A- Eversion of foot Inv- Superficial fibular nerve