Pharmacology MSS

50 flashcards · Other · by Jared Blackwell

1. Dexamethasone

   Glucocorticoid - Oral Increases lipocortin to inihibit phosphlipase A2 which decreases inflammatory mediators. Side effects- immunosuppression, cushingoid

2. Hydrocortisone

   Glucocorticoid - Topical Increases lipocortin --> inhibit phospholipase A2 --> decrease inflam. mediators. Allergies, skin irritation, psychosis, hair growth.

3. Teraparatide

   Increases bone density Truncated PTH, binds osteoblast to release RANK L. Nausea, joint aches, leg cramps.

4. Denoxumab

   Increases bone density Monoclonal Ab, inhibits osteoclast maturation. Respiratory and urinary tract infection, joint pain, cataracts. *NOT USED for pt's w/ hypocalcemia.

5. Raloxifene

   SERMs Bind ESTR receptor, increases osteoblasat activity. Endometrial cancer, hot flashes, flushing, fat liver, blood clots.

6. Alendronate

   Bisphosphonate Lines bone, absorbed by osteoclast and blocks enzyme for cholesterol synthesis, killing osteoclast. Esophagus ulceration, cancer, necrosis of jaw, skin rash.

7. Zolendronic acid

   Bisphosphonate Lines bone, absorbed by osteoclast, kills osteoclast by blocking enzyme for chol. synthesis. Fatigue, anemia, necorsis of jaw.

8. Ciprofloxacin

   Fluorquinolone - gram positive and negative. Inhibits DNA gyrase Tendon damage/rupture

9. Azithromyacin

   Macrolide - NOT for MRSA. Inhibits 50s ribosome. GI issue, rash

10. Tetracycline & Doxycycline

    Gram positive and negative. Inhibit 30s ribosome Stain teeth, liver toxicity, stunts fetal bone growth.

11. Clindamycin

    Streptococcal and Staphylococcal. Binds 50s to stop transpeptidase and disrupt protein synthesis. Risk of C.diff and Steven-Johnson syndrome. Treats strep and staph.

12. Nafcillin

    Gram + bacteria. Beta-lactam ring inhibits gram + cell wall. Allergies, GI issues, hypokalemia, super-infection, neurotoxicity. Penicillinase-resistant penicillin

13. Lidocaine

    Local anesthetic Category- Amide MOA- Blocks VGSC Side effects- Systemic dose result in death due to respiratory, cardio depression.

14. Ustekinumab

    Arthritis Agent Monoclonal Ab IL-12 inhibitor decreases T-cell activation. Serious infections like TB, upper respiratory tract. *Same side effects as Guselkumab.

15. Guselkumab

    Arthritis Agent Monoclonal Ab IL-23 inhibitor blocks T-cell activiation. Serious infection like TB, upper respiratory infection. *Same side effects as Utekinumab.

16. Sulfamethoxazole

    Gram positive Blocks folic acid production Steven-Johnson syndrome, crystal formation in kidney and bladder.

17. Ketoconazole

    Topical fungal infection, found in dandruff shampoos. Inhibits fungal sterol synthesis. Inhibit testosterone (gynecomastia), liver dysfucntion b/c inhibit CYP450.

18. Amphotericin B

    Oral - Coccidiomycosis and candidiasis resistant to azoles. Binds ergosterol and forms membrane pores. Chills, fever, Nephrotoxicity, bone marrow suppresion.

19. Terbinafine

    Oral - onychomycosis, fungal nails. Inhibits epoxidase to inhibit fungal enzyme squalene. Headaches, vertigo, Hepatotoxicity.

20. Nystatin

    Topical/oral - Vaginal and cutaneous candidiasis, diaper rash. Binds ergosterol and creates membrane pores. Steven-Johnson Syndrome.

21. Griseofulvin

    Oral - Fungal infections unresponsive to topical agents or scalp and nails. Disrupts mitosis and microtubules. Teratogenic, carcinogenic. Increases CYP450 and warfarin metabolism.

22. Acyclovir

    Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor Guanosine analog, preferentially inhibits viral DNA polymerase by termination. Nephropathy if not hydrated.

23. Famciclovir

    Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor Converted to penciclovir triphosphate which inhibits DNA polymerase by competing with deoxyguanosine triphosphate. Headache, nausea

24. Benzoyl peroxide

    Antiseptic Treats acne. Bleaching, local irritation.

25. 5-fluorouracil

    Anti-metabolite Thymidylate synthase inhibitor blocks synthesis of thymidine, a nucleoside needed for DNA replication. Dramatic inflammation at topical site.

26. Isotetinoin

    Anti-metabolite Shrinks sebaceous glands. Teratogenicity, depression, dry skin.

27. Permethrin

    Disrupts sodium channel in insect nerve cells. Local irritation

28. Spironolactone

    Aldosterone antagonist Gynecomastia, erectile dysfunction.

29. Tacrolimus and Sirolimus

    Calcineurin inhibitor Topical local irritation.

30. Triamcinolone

    Oral, IV, Topical Steroid Increase lipocortin, decrease phospholipase A2, decrease inflam. mediators. Immunosuppression and cushingoid *Same as Dexamethasone and Prednisone.

31. Clotrimazole

    Treats tinea ring worm Inhibits sterol synthesis Decreased testosterone and liver dysfunction.

32. Betamethasone

    Steroid Increase lipocortin, decrease phospholipase A2, decrease inflam. mediators. Infection, allergies, Hair growth, psychosis.

33. Predinisone

    Oral steroid Increases lipocortin --> inhibit phospholipase A2 --> decrease inflam. mediators. Immunosupprsion and cushingoid. *Same as Dexamethasone and Triamcinolone

34. Fluconazole

    IV anti-fungal for Candida Inhibits sterol synthesis Decreases testosterone, liver dysfunction. *Same as Ketoconazole and Clotrimazole

35. Ibuprofen

    NSAID Reversible COX inhibition. GI ulcers, GERD.

36. Methotrexate

    DMARD - arthritis Irreversible inhibit DHFR involved in folic acid synthesis, stop DNA syn. suppressing immune system. Stomatitis, alopecia, pneumonitis. Teratogen.

37. Leflunomide

    DMARD - arthritis Inhibits synthesis of pyrimidines and inflammation. Liver damage, pneumonitis, alopecia.

38. Azathioprine

    DMARD - arthritis Also used for LUPUS. Inhibits synthesis of purines suppressing the immune system. GI disturbance, fatigue.

39. Hydroxychloroquine

    DMARD - arthritis. Also used for LUPUS. Blocks toll-like 9 receptors on PDCS. Altered eye pigmentation, corneal deposits, vision troubles.

40. Adalimumab

    Biologic DMARD Anti-TNF Also used for Ankylosing spondylitis Inhibits TNFa. Serious infections like TB and viruses, fungi.

41. Etanercept

    Biologic DMARD Anti-TNF Also used for Ankylosing spondylitis Inhibits TNFa. Serious infections like TB and viruses, fungi.

42. Infliximab

    Biologic DMARD Anti-TNF Also used for Ankylosing spondylitis Inhibits TNFa. Serious infections like TB and viruses, fungi.

43. Tocilizumab

    Biologic DMARD IL-6 inhibitor Inhibits IL-6. Respiratory tract infection.

44. Abatacept

    Biologic DMARD Co-stimulatory Blockade Blocks interaction of APC and T-cells. Serious infections like TB, viruses, fungi.

45. Rituximab

    Biologic DMARD B-cell depletion Also used for Scleroderma Decreases B-cell cytokines, T-cell interactions, and autoantibody levels. Serious infections including TB.

46. Tofacitinib

    Biologic DMARD - Kinase Inhibitor JAK3 inhibitor Serious infections including TB, virus, fungi.

47. Late stage of Aspirin overdose causes what?

    Respiratory and Metabolic acidosis. Early stage is respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis.

48. Misoprostol

    Long acting synthetic PGE1. NOT used in pregnant females b/c induces labor.

49. Allopurinol

    Gout Inhibits xanthine oxidase stopping purine synthesis. Serious infections, TB, upper respiratory.

50. Colchicine

    Gout Inhibits microtubules and mitosis. Anemia, hair loss, leukpenia.