Genetic Algorithms

Selection, crossover, mutation states, population, chromosome, fitness concepts.

12 flashcards · Computer Science · by lakesare

1. There are two population models: steady/incremental (when we replace 2-3 chromosomes in the new generation), generational (when we replace all chromosomes with new ones).

2. Describe all 3 genetic operators.

   selection - select best-rated (by fitness function) chromosomes for future crossover. crossover - mix them up. mutation - mutate the result.

3. What is a convergence of a population?

   When every chromosome in a population is identical. This makes evolution halt unless mutation is present.

4. What's meant by 'chromosome'?

   Just organism/solution. Chromosome (or organism, or solution) is traditionally represented as string of 0s and 1s. BUT CAN BE REPRESENTED AS ANYTHING.

5. What's crossover rate?

   The chance that two chromosomes will swap their bits (or just stay the same).

6. What's population?

   Subset of chromosomes in the current generation.

7. What is a Roulette Wheel selection?

   Probability of being selected = own fitness / sum of all fintesses in population.

8. [genetics] What's non-coding DNA?

   Non-coding DNA sequences are components of an organism's DNA that do not encode protein sequences. Some evidence indicate that some "junk DNA" sequences are sources for (future) functional activity in evolution through exaptation of originally selfish or non-functional DNA. The term "junk DNA" became popular in the 1960s. According to T. Ryan Gregory, the nature of junk DNA was first discussed explicitly in 1972 by a genomic biologist, David Comings, who applied the term to all non-coding DNA.…

9. [genetics] What's exaptation?

   Exaptation and the related term co-option describe a shift in the function of a trait during evolution. For example, a trait can evolve because it served one particular function, but subsequently it may come to serve another.

10. [genetics] What's genetic linkage?

    When two genes are located on the same chromosome, the chance of a crossover producing recombination between the genes is related to the distance between the two genes. When genes are found on different chromosomes or far apart on the same chromosome, they assort independently and are said to be unlinked. When genes are close together on the same chromosome, they are said to be linked. That means the alleles, or gene versions, already together on one chromosome will be inherited as a unit more…

11. When to use genetic algorithm VS neural network?

    A genetic algorithm (GA) is a search technique used in computing to find exact or approximate solutions to optimization and search problems.and: Neural networks are non-linear statistical data modeling tools. They can be used to model complex relationships between inputs and outputs or to find patterns in data.

12. [genetics] What's epigenetics?

    The study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself.