Upper Extremity Bone & Muscles

59 flashcards · Other · by Jared Blackwell

  1. Acromion Clavicle Superior border scapula Medial border scapula Lateral border scapula Scapula Humerus

  2. Superior Angle Scapula Superior Border Scapula Coracoid process Acromion Process

  3. Acromion process Clavicle Coracoid process Humeral Head Glenoid fossa Body of Scapula Lateral border scapula

  4. Acromion process Head of humerus Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Surgical neck Glenoid fossa Deltoid tuberosity Humerus (shaft) Lateral epicondyle Capitulum Radius Medial epicondyle Trochlea Ulna

  5. Trapezius Retracts, elevates, depresses scapula. Tilts glenoid upward. Accessory nerve (cranial nerve). Injury: Loss of contour of neck; difficultly abduct humerus above horizontal plane. Accessory nerve travels with superficial branch of transverse cervical artery.

  6. Levator Scapulae Elevates scaplua. Tilt glenoid downward. Dorsal scapula nerve. Deep branch of transverse cervical artery or dorsal scapular artery. *Strain from poor posture sitting or whiplash.

  7. Rhomboid Major/minor Retract, elevate scapula Dorsal scapular nerve Deep branch of transverse cervical artery or dorsal scapular artery. *Sapula further from midline **Injury from compressed scalene.

  8. Describe the serratus anterior?

    Holds scapula against thorax. Tilts glenoid upward. Long thoracic nerve. *Winged scapula. Difficult to abduct humerus above horizontal plane. **Injury w/ axillary lymph node resection.

  9. Describe the Pectoralis Minor

    Protracts and depresses scapula Origin coracoid process Medial & lateral pectoral nerves. Thoracoacromial artery *Tight pec minor leads to hyperabduction syndrome - ONE form of thoracic outlet syndrome Shoulder abduction --> pain anterior chest and axilla.

  10. Describe position and innervation of lacteral and medial pectoral nerve.

    Both inv. pec minor. Lateral pectoral nerve is above medial pectoral nerve.

  11. Describe the Latissums Dorsi

    Extend, adducts, and medially rotates arm,. Thoracodorsal n. Thoracodorsal a. *Flap used for breast reconstruction. -Thoracodorsal = middle subscapular.

  12. Teres Major "mini-lat" Extend, adduct, medially rotate arm Lower subscapular n. *NO parallel artery.

  13. Describe the Pectoralis Major

    Flexes arm - upper fibers. Adducts, medially rotates arm. Extends flexed arm - lower fibers Medial & lateral pectoral nerve. Thoracoarcomial artery.

  14. Describe the Deltoid

    Flexes, extends, and abducts arm Axillary nerve Post circumflex humeral artery.

  15. Subscapularis - Anterior shoulder. Stabilizes glenohumeral joint. Medially rotates arm. Upper & Lower subscapular nerves NO parallel arteries. Inserts at lesser tubercle.

  16. Teres Minor Stabilizes glenohumeral joint. Lateral rotates arm. Axillary nerve. Post. circumflex a. Origin greater tubercle.

  17. Infraspinatus - Posterior shoulder Stabilizes glenohumeral joint. Laterally rotates arm. Suprascapular nerve. Suprascapular artery. ORIGIN greater tubercle.

  18. Supraspinatus Stablizes glenohumeral joint. Abduction of arm. Suprascapular nerve. Suprascapular artery. ORIGIN greater tubercle. *Deltoid "little helper"

  19. What happens with an impingement of suprascapular nerve at the spinoglenoid notch? What about impingement of suprascapular nerve at scapular notch?

    Suprascapular n. at Spinoglenoid notch = Infraspinatus atrophy. Suprascapular n. at Scapular notch = Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus.

  20. Describe the Tricpes brachii

    Extends forearm, extends arm (long head) Radial nerve. Deep brachial artery. INSERT at olecranon process. *Wrist drop

  21. Quadrangular space Triangular space Triangular interval

    Quad space (supplies deltoid & teres minor) Post. circumflex a. Axillary n. Tri space Circumflex scapular a. Tri interval (supplies triceps) Deep brachial a. Radial n.

  22. Describe Biceps brachii

    Flexes and supinates forearm. Weak flexion of arm. Musculocutaneous n. ORIGIN at supraglenoid tubercle - LONG HEAD. ORIGIN at coracoid process - SHORT HEAD. (Pec minor) *Supinate = radius anteriomedial *Pronate = radius posteromedial.

  23. Coracobrachialis Flexes and adducts arm. Musculocutaneous n. ORIGIN coracoid process.

  24. Brachilalis Flexes forearm Musculocutaneous n. (some radial)

  25. What are the three muscles originate at Coracoid process?

    Pectoralis Minor Biceps Coracobrachiallis

  26. Which muscles originate at Greater tubercle?

    Supraspinatus Infraspinatus

  27. Pronator teres Flexes forearm. Pronates hand. Median n. Origin Medial epicondyle. *Pronator quadratus

  28. Flexor carpi radialis Flexes wrist. Abducts hand. Median n. Origin Medial epicondyle.

  29. Palmaris longus Flexes wrist. Tenses palmar aponeurosis. Median n. Origin Medial epicondyle. *Missing in 14% of people.

  30. Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexes wrist. Adducts hand. Ulnar n. Origin Medial epicondyle.

  31. Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexes PIP, MCP, wrist Median n. Origin Medial epicondyle. Insert Middle phalanges.

  32. What is Golfer Elbow?

    Inflammation from oversue. Medial epicondylitis.

  33. Flexor digitorum profundus Flexes DIP, PIP, MCP, wrist. Ant. interosseous br. median n. and Ulnar n. Insert at Distal phalanges. *Can't flex distal joint of finger= FDP.

  34. What would get injured with a distal humeral fracture?

    Median nerve and brachial artery.

  35. Flexor pollicis longus Flexes IP and MCP thumb. Ant. interosseous br. median n. INSERT at distal phalanx thumb, *FPL gives strength to pinch & grip.

  36. Describe ulnar nerve in anterior forearm.

    Innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris and 1/2 flexor digitorum profundus. Flexor carpi ulnaris on top of ulnar nerve w/ FDP underneath.

  37. What is the roof of carpal tunnel?

    Flexor retinaculum attaches to medial and lateral most carpal bones Trapezium & scaphoid (medial) Hamate & pisiform (lateral)

  38. Carpal tunnel Green 4 FDS tendons Blue 4 FDP tendons Pink 1 FPL tendon *Arrow is median nerve.

  39. Describe radial artery

    Brachial artery splits into ulnar and radial artery. Superficial radial artery runs under brachioradialis. Superficial radial n. travels under brachioradialsis then comes up and inv. thumb, index, part of middle finger.

  40. Brachioradialis Flexes forearm Radial n.

  41. Extensor carpi radialis longus Extends wrist, abducts hand Radial n.

  42. Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extends wrist, abducts hand Deep radial nn. ORIGIN at Lat. Epicondyle

  43. Extensor digitorum Extends MCP and IPs fingers. Deep radial n. ORIGIN at Lat. Epicondyle. *Intertendinous connections.

  44. Extensor carpi ulnaris Extends wrist, adducts hand. Deep radial n. ORIGIN Lat. Epicondyle.

  45. Supinator Supinates forearm. Deep radial n. ORIGIN Lat. Epicondyle.

  46. Describe Tennis Elbow

    Muscles from lateral epicondyle Supinator, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, extensor carpi radialis brevis. Lateral epicondylitis.

  47. Abductor pollicis longus Abdcuts thumb, extends CMC. Deep radial n. INSERT at 1st metacarpal

  48. What happens with an injury to Abductor pollicis longus and Extensor pollicis brevis. Posterior forearm gets blood from posterior interosseous artery.

    Ask to make a fist and do ulnar deviation if pain likely irriation of APL and EPB.

  49. Extensor pollicis brevis Extends proximal phalanx thumb at MCP. Extend 1st metacarpal at CMC. Deep radial n. INSERT proximal phalanx of thumb. *"Texting thumb" called DeQuervain Syndrome.

  50. Extensor pollicis longus Extend at IP Extend at MCP Exxtend at CMC Deep radial n. INSERT distal phalanx of thumb.

  51. What is in the Anatomical Snuff Box?

    Formed by extensor pollicis brevis and extensor pollicis longus tendons. Radial artery Superficial radial nerve Scaphoid and trapezium.

  52. How do you palpate scaphoid bone and trapezium?

    Ulnar deviation moves radius so you can feel scaphoid. Radial deviation makes radius cover scaphoid and you can feel trapezium.

  53. Patient has tenderness and pain in snuff box?

    Hallmark of scaphoid fracture. Occurs by breaking fall with hand.

  54. Radial tunnel syndrome

    Entrapment of deep radial nerve as it passes through the supinator.

  55. Prolonged elbow flexion may cause what?

    Damage to lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve.

  56. Flexion hand Extension hand Adduction hand Abduction hand

    Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor carpi radialis Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extemsor carpi radialis longus Flexor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi ulnaris Flexor carpi radialis Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi radialis longus

  57. Patient fell with wrist EXTENDED.

    Colle's fracture Fracture of radius Falling onto wrist with extension.

  58. Smith fracture Fracture of distal radius Caused by fall with flexed wrist.

  59. What nerves are most likely to get injured during axillary lymph node resection?

    Thong thoracic and thoracodorsal nerve.