Neuro Exam 2 Questions

16 flashcards · Other · by Jared Blackwell

1. What is explicit memory?

   Events & facts. Medial temporal lobe=Hippocampus and medial diencephalon

2. What is implicit memory?

   Procedural and conditioned reflexes (doing a puzzle multiple times). Cerebellum

3. What would damage to the superior cerebellar peduncle do?

   Ipsilateral ataxia. Pre/motor cortex goes through pontine tract to Pontine Nucleus and crosses to terminate at granule cells then purkinje cells up to dentate nucleus or interposed nucleus to Superior Cerebellar Peduncle to VL Thalamus.

4. Difference in lateral and medial hemisphere of cerebeullum?

   Lateral hemisphere goes through dentate nucleus, planning movement. Medial hemisphere goes through interposed nucleus, correcting movement.

5. What is the primary cortex for olfaction?

   Pyriform cortex near uncus. Prefrontal cortex, specifically the Orbital cortex does conscious perception of smell. Labeled J:

6. Describe what happens to eyes in presence of light.

   cGMP gated channels close, photoreceptors hyperpolarize, and the release of glutamate decreases. Photon comes in and hits cis and goes to trans and molecule falls off rhodopsin starting vision. When retinal falls off causes gamma to fall off gprotein and activate phosphodiesterase which converts cGMP to GMP. Now cGMP is not on cation channels and intercellular sodium decreases leading to hyperpolarization. The release of glutamate decreases and now you can see.

7. What does the medial geniculate do?

   Hearing Spiral ganglia goes to Cochlear Nuclei in rostral medulla and crosses at Superior Olivary Nucleus and goes up to Inferior Colliculus to Medial Geniculate nucleus through Sublenticular limb to Superior Temporal Gyrus.

8. What does the lateral geniculate do?

   Vision. CN 2 goes via optic tracts to Superior Colliculus to the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus and goes to occipital lobe Calcarine Sulcus.

9. What is the primary cortex for hearing?

   Superior Temporal Gyrus.

10. Difference in choroid epithelial cells and retinal pigment epithelial cells?

    Choroid epithelium secrete aqueous humor. Retinal pigment epithelium acts as retinal blood brain barrier.

11. What does leptin do?

    Adipocytes secrete leptin that goes to hypothalamus to decrease hunger.

12. What does Ghrelin do?

    A peptide that activates the lateral hypothalamus to increase hunger.

13. What does the posterior hypothalamus do?

    Posterior hypothalamus senses decreased body temp and mediates response to conserve heat via shivering and sweat inhibition.

14. Describe a fever

    A fever is triggered by IL-1, IL-6, and TNF which enter brain to stimulate prostaglandin E2 which increases anterior hypothalamus set point. PGE2 acts in Medial Preoptic (anterior hypothalamus) area to allow body temp to be regulated at a higher level (fever).

15. What does cholecystokinin (CCK) do?

    CCK is secreted by small intestine and stimulates gallbladder to contract and secrete stored bile into intestine.

16. What would damage to the right parietal region do?

    Hemispatial neglect of LEFT side. Shave right side of face and neglect left side. Drawing a flower only pedal on right side.