AP Chemistry - Solubility Rules

8 flashcards · Other · by luckydog789 (harrison holbrook)

1. Rule 1

   All group I (alkali) metal compounds are soluble in water. All nitrates and nitrites are soluble in water. All chlorates and perchlorates are soluble. All acetates are soluble in water, except when they contain Ag+1Ag^{+1}Ag+1 . All (NH4)+1(NH_4)^{+1}(NH4​)+1 compounds are soluble.

2. Rule 2

   All chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble in water, except those containing Ag+1Ag^{+1}Ag+1 , Hg2+2Hg_2^{+2}Hg2+2​ , Hg+2Hg^{+2}Hg+2 , and Pb+2Pb^{+2}Pb+2 .

3. Rule 3

   All fluorides are soluble in water, except those that contain group II metals, Pb+2Pb^{+2}Pb+2 , and Fe+3Fe^{+3}Fe+3 .

4. Rule 4

   All sulfates and sulfites are soluble in water, except those containing Sr+2Sr^{+2}Sr+2 , Ba+2Ba^{+2}Ba+2 , Hg2+2Hg_2^{+2}Hg2+2​ , Ag+1Ag^{+1}Ag+1 , Ca+2Ca^{+2}Ca+2 , and Pb+2Pb^{+2}Pb+2 .

5. Rule 5

   All carbonates, phosphates, and chromates are insoluble in water, except for those of the group I (alkali) metals and (NH4)+1(NH_4)^{+1}(NH4​)+1 . CaCrO4CaCrO_4CaCrO4​ and SrCrO4SrCrO_4SrCrO4​ are exceptions.

6. Rule 6

   All hydroxides are insoluble, except those of the group I (alkali) metals, and ones containing (NH4)+1(NH_4)^{+1}(NH4​)+1 , Sr+2Sr^{+2}Sr+2 , Ca+2Ca^{+2}Ca+2 , and Ba+2Ba^{+2}Ba+2 .

7. Rule 7

   All sulfides are insoluble, except those of the alkali (group I) metals, group II metals, and (NH4)+1(NH_4)^{+1}(NH4​)+1 .

8. Rule 8

   All oxides are insoluble, except those of group I (alkali) metals and (NH4)+1(NH_4)^{+1}(NH4​)+1 .