CH 4-5 OF LECTURE EXAM REFERENCE SHEET

30 flashcards · Other · by Fatdoink1

1. histology definition

   the microscopic study of tissue structure

2. cell definition

   smallest unit of life

3. tissue definition

   similar, specialized cells in a group

4. carcinoma

   cancer derived from epithelial tissue (thin sheet of tissue/cells that covers everything)

5. sarcoma

   cancer derived from muscle and connective tissue

6. biopsy

   the process of removing tissue samples from patients surgically or with a needle for diagnostic purposes

7. autopsy

   a postmortem examination of the organs to determine the cause of death or to study the changes caused by a disease including microscopic examination of tissues

8. cell junction

   stuff that connects cells together (*)

9. the four basic types of tissue

   (1) epithelial tissue, (2) connective tissue, (3) muscle tissue, and (4) nervous tissue.

10. epidermis

    the superficial layer of the skin, consisting of stratified squamous epithelial tissue. The epidermis rests on the dermis

11. dermis

    Deep part of skin; connective tissue composed of two layers

12. hypodermis

    Not part of the skin; loose connective tissue with abundant deposits of adipose tissue (SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTIONS)

13. 1st layer of epidermis

    Stratum corneum Most superficial stratum of the epidermis; 25 or more layers of dead squamous cells

14. 2nd layer of epidermis

    Stratum lucidum Three to five layers of dead cells; appears transparent; present in thick skin, absent in most thin skin

15. 3rd layer of epidermis

    Stratum granulosum Two to five layers of flattened, diamond-shaped cells

16. 4th layer of epidermis

    Stratum spinosum A total of 8–10 layers of many-sided cells

17. 5th layer of epidermis

    Stratum basale Deepest stratum of the epidermis; single layer of cuboidal or columnar cells; basement membrane of the epidermis attaches to the dermis

18. what cells are in the epidermis? what do they do?

    keratinocytes (makes cells more durable) Melanocytes (adds pigment) Langerhans cells (part of the immune system) Merkel cells (associated with the nerve endings responsible for detecting light touch and superficial pressure)

19. albinism

    genetic trait that results from an inability to produce tyrosinase (protein that controls melanin production)

20. first dermis layer + its function

    Papillary layer Papillae project toward the epidermis; loose connective tissue Brings blood vessels close to the epidermis; dermal papillae form fingerprints and footprints

21. second dermis layer + its function

    Reticular layer Mat of collagen and elastic fibers; dense irregular connective tissue Is the main fibrous layer of the dermis; strong in many directions; forms cleavage lines

22. sebaceous glands what do they look like and what do they make

    produce sebum looks like a brain

23. eccrine and apocrine glands what do they look like and what do they make

    produce sweat looks like a coil

24. how do we regulate temperature

    blood flow through the skin or when sweat spreads over the surface of the skin; it evaporates, the body loses heat.

25. rule of nines

    a quick method to assess the extent of burn injury in an adult

26. Eczema

    Inflammatory conditions of the skin caused by allergy, infection, poor circulation, or exposure to chemical or environmental factors

27. Impetigo

    Small blisters containing pus; easily rupture to form a thick, yellowish crust; usually affects children

28. cyanosis

    a bluish color to the skin that results from decreased blood O2 content, is an indication of impaired cardiovascular or respiratory function.

29. jaundice

    a yellowish skin color, occurs when excess bile pigments accumulate in the blood.

30. epithelial vs connective tissue

    Connective tissue supports other tissues and binds them together (bone, blood, muscle, adipose, cartilage) Epithelial tissue provides a covering (skin, the linings of the various passages inside the body)