Chapter 11: Cell Death, Therapeutic Window, Types of Radiation

22 flashcards · Biology · by Kristóf Nagy

1. Cell death by radiation

   Radiation causes cell death.1234...

2. Hard UV radiation

   A type of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of less than 200 nm that can cause ionization.21

3. Gamma rays

   A type of electromagnetic radiation emitted from the nucleus, used in radiotherapy.21

4. X-rays

   A type of electromagnetic radiation used in radiotherapy to treat cancer.13141521

5. Electromagnetic Radiation

   Ionizing radiation that includes X-rays, gamma rays, and hard UV radiation.21

6. Types of radiation

   Different types of radiation are used in radiotherapy, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.13151621...

7. Therapeutic window

   The difference in radiation sensitivity between tumour cells and normal cells.4161718...

8. Radiotherapy

   The use of radiation to treat cancer.141213...

9. Programmed cell death

   A controlled process of cell death that occurs naturally in the body.4

10. Mitotic failure

    Cells with damaged DNA attempt to divide but fail, leading to cell death.4

11. Nucleus/DNA

    The target for radiation-induced cell death.2

12. DNA damage

    Radiation interacts with DNA, causing damage that can lead to cell death.2378...

13. Bragg peak

    The peak in the depth-dose profile of a charged particle beam, where the dose is highest.23

14. Dose distribution

    The spatial distribution of radiation dose within a patient.162627

15. Charged particles

    Ionizing radiation that includes electrons, positrons, protons, and alpha particles.21

16. Electrons

    A type of charged particle that can be used in radiotherapy.1521

17. Positrons

    The antimatter counterpart of electrons, used in PET imaging.21

18. Protons

    Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom. Protons are used in radiotherapy.1521222324

19. Alpha particles

    Positively charged particles consisting of two protons and two neutrons.21

20. Neutrons

    Neutral particles found in the nucleus of an atom, neutrons indirectly ionize through nuclear collisions.25

21. Depth-dose profile

    The distribution of radiation dose as a function of depth in tissue.141623

22. Cancer

    A disease where some of the body’s cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body.1