IB Geography: Sport, Leisure, and Tourism Vocab

18 flashcards · Other · by Gabrielle Wong

1. Leisure: A freely chosen activity or experience (sport/recreation/tourism are all included) taking place outside of work time

   94% of US adults use their leisure time to recover from stress and/or work, but they have at least 8 hours of time to do so per week.

2. Recreation: Leisure time voluntarily done for enjoyment, including individual pursuits, organized outings/events, and non-paid sports

   The recreation of the rich and poor often differ. The rich are more likely to choose sedentary activities, entertainment centres, or specific sports (ex. Golf, water polo), whereas the poor are more likely to watch TV and/or play sports.

3. Sport: Physical activity with events and competitions at the national/international scale with professional participants

   The sphere of influence of major sports leagues will influence how many people want to play that sport. For example, the NHL’s sphere of influence is centralized in parts of northern Europe, Canada, and the US, which are often the places where ice hockey is more commonly played, whereas soccer is played globally; thus, the Premier League’s sphere of influence is far greater.

4. Tourism: Travel away from home for at least one night for the purpose of leisure; many subgroups

   Tourism has grown over time. In 1950, there were only 25 million tourists; there are now over 1.5 billion. In OECD countries, this is about 22% of people’s time.

5. Sustainable tourism: Tourism that conserves primary resources and supports the livelihoods/culture of locals

   Sustainable tourism must address the people, the planet, and the ability of people to make profit.

6. Global commons: Resources that do not solely belong to any one nation, such as the oceans, atmosphere, and Antarctica

   The “tragedy of the commons” refers to the tendency of these places to be destroyed because everyone is willing to consume the benefits of the resource but nobody wants to spend to maintain/preserve it.

7. Niche tourism: Special interest tourism for a specific group with a more precisely-defined interest

   Examples of niche tourist include adventure tourism, ecotourism, movie location tourism, cooking tourism, cultural/heritage tourism, slum tourism

8. Ecotourism: A “green”, “alternative” form of tourism that focuses on preservation of the environment through responsible management and sustainability initiatives

   Example of ecotourism: the Serra Cafema in Hartman’s Valley, Namibia, where visitors are limited, the site was constructed with local materials and architecture, etc.

9. Primary tourist resources: Pre-existing attractions for tourism – either pre-existing in nature or built by humans for purposes other than tourism

   Examples: the Caribbean’s climate, the scenic beauty of the Grand Canyon, the historic Gothic architecture in parts of Europe, heritage buildings like Notre Dame, the Colosseum, the Forbidden City, the religious importance of Israel and Meca, natural ecology

10. Secondary resources: Structures build specifically for tourism purposes

    Examples: the Canada Line, Endorski Ski Line, Dubai, ski resorts, hotels, resorts, Disneyland, Eiffel Tower

11. Carrying capacity: Maximum number of tourists a location can realistically and perceptually accommodate at once

    Carrying capacity isn’t just literally the number of bodies that can be stuffed into an area; perceptual carrying capacity refers to the maximum number of people tourists feel can be in an area before the site loses its value

12. Sphere of influence: Area from which a facility or attraction gets support

    The sphere of influence of major sports leagues will influence how many people want to play that sport. For example, the NHL’s sphere of influence is centralized in parts of northern Europe, Canada, and the US, which are often the places where ice hockey is more commonly played, whereas soccer is played globally; thus, the Premier League’s sphere of influence is far greater. Urban centres have attractions with far greater sphere of influences than smaller centres in sub-urban or rural areas.

13. Adventure tourism: Tourism travelling to a remote area with some kind of risk (perceived or real)

    Example: going backpacking in the Amazon, mountain climbing · Climbing Mount Everest costs about 50 grand per person, about 2/3 of that is spent locally

14. Heritage tourism: Relates to travel to experience place, artefacts, historic sites, and indigenous people of an area

    Example: travelling to Matchu Pichu, Israel, Meca

15. Diasporas: People who have moved out of their old country to a new one

    Diasporas can lead to a very specific type of tourism development. They are more likely to travel pack to see places of origin (heritage tourism) – ex. Ghana and Slavery Toursim, Ireland and Genealogy tourism (also called cemetery tourism)

16. Leisure hierarchy: system in which things are ranked according to status and authority

    Leisure hierarchy follows a positive correlation to level of development and globalization

17. Urban regeneration

18. Butler Model of Tourism Development Stages of growth, decline, and potential growth in a tourist location Exploration: small numbers of tourism ex. Backpacking in the Amazon Involvement: slightly more tourists, some secondary development, some local involvement ex. Tiger Leaping Gorge Investment: outsiders invest, control may move to MNCs, specific niche developed ex. Beaches Consolidation: tourism as the primary activity, Western culture influences, reaches carrying capacity ex. Maldives Stagn…

    Hasn’t been seen everywhere but it a good model for predicting what might happen to tourist locations