Sensation & Perception: Taste

13 flashcards · Biology · by lakesare

What 4 different types of papillae are there on the tongue?
filiform papillae, which are shaped like cones and are found over the entire surface of the tongue, giving it its rough appearance fungiform papillae, which are shaped like mushrooms and are found at the tip and sides of the tongue foliate papillae, which are a series of folds along the back of the tongue on the sides circumvilliate papillae, which are shaped like flat mounds surrounded by a trench and are found at the back of the tongue (10 to 14 of these papillae on most people). Papilla is f…
Where are the taste buds located?
Each papillae contains multiple taste buds. Except for filiform papillae, these don't contain any taste buds. They are covered with epithelium, lack keratin and so are softer, and bear many taste buds
Name 2 functions of lingual papillae.
increase surface area of the tongue increase friction between tongue and food Lingual papillae, particularly filiform papillae, are thought to increase the surface area of the tongue and to increase the area of contact and friction between the tongue and food. This may increase the tongue's ability to manipulate a bolus of food, and also to position food between the teeth during mastication (chewing) and swallowing.
What are the most numerous lingual papillae?
Filiform papillae are the most numerous of the lingual papillae. They are fine, small, cone-shaped papillae covering most of the dorsum of the tongue. They are responsible for giving the tongue its texture and are responsible for the sensation of touch. Unlike the other kinds of papillae, filiform papillae do not contain taste buds. Filiform is from the Latin word fīlum (thread), and means "shaped like a filament or thread".
How many taste buds are there on the tongue?
10,000 All of the papillae except the filiform papillae contain taste buds, and the whole tongue contains about 10,000 taste buds.
Each taste bud has ________ taste cells?
50-100 Each taste bud contains 50–100 taste cells, which have tips that protrude into the taste pore.
What are these red dots?
The red dots are fungiform papillae.
Specificity coding VS distributed coding?
Specificity coding - neurons respond to specific quality. Distributed coding - quality is signaled by the pattern of activity distributed across many neurons. We distinguished between two types of coding: specificity coding, the idea that quality is signaled by the activity in neurons that are tuned to respond to specific qualities; and distributed coding, the idea that quality is signaled by the pattern of activity distributed across many neurons. In that discussion, and in others throughout t…
What's the evidence for distributed coding?
Figure shows how 13 nerve fibers (A, B, C) responded to 3 chemicals. The red and green lines show that the across-fiber patterns for ammonium chloride and potassium chloride are similar to each other but are different from the pattern for sodium chloride, indicated by the open circles. Prediction is that red chemical and green chemical should taste similar, and NaCl - dissimilar. Across-fiber patterns of the response of fibers in the rat’s chorda tympani nerve to three salts. Each letter on the…
How would you test whether rats taste chemical 1 and chemical 2 as similar?
You can shock the rats every time they taste the chemical 1, and then see what other chemicals they try to avoid. To test this hypothesis, Erickson shocked rats while they were drinking potassium chloride and then gave them a choice between ammonium chloride and sodium chloride. If potassium chloride and ammonium chloride taste similar, the rats should avoid the ammonium chloride when given a choice. This is exactly what they did. And when the rats were shocked for drinking ammonium chloride, t…
What's flavour?
Taste + smell. The importance of olfaction in the sensing of flavor has been demonstrated experimentally by using both chemical solutions and typical foods. In general, solutions are more difficult to identify when the nostrils are pinched shut (Mozell et al., 1969) and are often judged to be tasteless. For example, Figure 15.23a shows that the chemical sodium oleate has a strong soapy flavor when the nostrils are open but is judged tasteless when they are closed. Similarly, ferrous sulfate (Fi…
What's orthonasal VS retronasal olfaction?
Why do we not smell what we're eating with our nose pinched, even though we do have a retronasal route?
Although pinching the nostrils shut does not close the nasal pharynx, it prevents vapors from reaching the olfactory receptors by eliminating the circulation of air through this channel.