DMH - Endocrine

19 flashcards · Other · by Jared Blackwell

1. Primary adrenal insufficiency

   Addison's Disease is Failure of adrenal gland. Low cortisol & aldosterone. High ACTH - hyperpigmentation. Hyperkalemia and hyponatremia. nausea, vomiting, darkening of skin.

2. Secondary adrenal insufficiency

   Failure of pituitary gland secretion of ACTH. ONLY low cortisol. High renin. adrenal atrophy. NO skin findings or hyperkalemia.

3. Conn's, Secondary hyperaldosteronism, Cushing's, Addison's

4. Hyperthryoidism

   Graves: IgG to TSH causing goiter. Hypocholesterolemia & hyperglycemia. Tachycardia, A-Fib. Bone resportion w/ hypercalcemia. Pretibial myxedema. Increased total free & free T4 Decreased TSH (T4 downregulates TRH).

5. Hypothryoidism

   Hashimoto Thyroiditis HLA-DR5, decreased T4 increased TSH. Non-tender nodule.

6. Primary hyperparathyroidism

   Elevated calcium low phosphate caused by adenoma. Increased alk phosphatase. MEN I 11q13 & MEN II RET parathyroid adenomas.

7. Secondary hyperparathyroidism

   Chronic renal failure = Low calcium increased phosphate.

8. Hypoparathyroidism

   Almost always surgically induced. DiGeorge syndrome. Rare cause- gain of function CaSR. Hemochromatosis & Wilson's Low PTH. Tetany, numbness, tingling

9. Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia

   Autosomal dominant mutation in the calcium sensing receptor CaSR that regulates PTH. Decreased urinary Ca2+ mild hypercalcemia. none/mild evelvated PTH.

10. Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malginancy

    Squamous cell carcinoma tumor secretes PTHrP Hypercalcemia & hypophosphatemia.

11. 21-a-Hydroxylase deficiency

    Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Decreased cortisol & Aldosterone. Decreased mineralcorticoids. Hyperkalemia, hyponatremia. Salt wasting. High renin/ Excess Androgens females w/ ambigous genitalia. virilization in males and females

12. 11-B-Hydroxylase deficiency

    Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Decreased cortisol and androgens & aldosterone. Increased mineralcorticoids 11-DOC. HTN & hypokalemia. Salt retention - no salt wasting (21-Hydrox Deficiency). Renin inhibition. Excess Androgens. females w/ ambigous gentitalia. virilization in males and females

13. 17-a-hydroxylase deficiency

    Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Decreased cortisol & Androgens. Decreased aldosterone Increased mineralcorticoids: 11-DOC HTN, Hypokalema. Renin inhibition. Decreased Androgens. Males have ambigous gentialia. Females have ammenorrhea.

14. Sickle Cell Disease

    An infant with chronic anemia with acute swelling and pain in extremities. Adult with infarcted spleen who develops bacteremia.

15. Cholangiocarcinoma associations?

    Hepatitis B, liver flukes, primary sclerosing cholangitis Makes mucin, lymph spread.

16. Hepatocellualr carcinomona (HCC) associations?

    Hepatitis B/C, hemochromotosis. Alph-fetoprotein. Aflatoxins. Cirrhosis, men >. Makes bile, hematogenous spread.

17. Angiosarcoma associations?

    Vinyl chloride, arsenic, thorostat.

18. Hepatic adenoma associastions?

    Oral contraceptives, anabolic steroids. Young female.

19. PKU deficiency

    No Phe hydroxylase or tetrahydrobiopterin. Mousey odor, mental retardation. Hypopigmentation due to no tyrosine.