3 Livestock Management Midterm

87 flashcards · Other · by Emma Yarbrough

1. Which type of branding uses copper brands?

   Freeze branding

2. Which type of dehorners would need to be used on older calves (6 months) with horns that are normal in size?

   Barnes

3. What disease is caused by clostridial bacteria, can lead to sudden death, and can be prevented by a vaccine given to calves at 2-4 months of age?

   Blackleg

4. If a milk cow is wearing a red band around her leg, what does this indicate?

   fresh cow (recently calved) dump this cow's milk this cow has a high somatic cell count or has been treated with antibiotics

5. When moving livestock as a herd, the focus should be on...

   minimizing stress by calmly using body language/flight zones

6. What on-farm practices can lower the incidence of mastitis?

   routine testing of somatic cell count teat dipping after milking propper udder preparation prior to milking good sanitation and cleaning practices

7. What are the clinical symptoms of mastitis?

   redness of swelling of the udder clots in the milk discoloration of the milk

8. What type of parlor design do we have at MTSU dairy?

   Parallel

9. What best describes the housing systems for the milk cows at MTSU?

   compost bedded pack

10. What reproductive disease is most commonly spread through natural mating and can cause abortion, hemolytic anemia, cessation of milk production, fever, and discolored urine?

    Leptospirosis

11. What disease causes a bacterial infection of the brain that is rarely treatable unless early detection and treatment?

    Haemophilus somnus

12. What is the common name for Infectious Keratitis?

    Pink eye

13. Adult horse heart rate range:

    28-44 bpm

14. Adult horse respiratory rate range:

    8-15

15. What is preconditioning?

    weaning health management nutritional management learning to eat from a bunk drink from a waterer castration & dehorning if necessary

16. How can footrot, which is caused by 2 different bacteria that thrive in moist conditions, be treated?

    Hoof trimming and application of formalin, zinc sulfate, or coppertox

17. Small ruminant livestock should be vaccinated to prevent what disease thast can be present early when fed grain?

    Overeating disease/enterotoxemia

18. We change needles after every head to prevent the spread of what disease?

    Bovine Leukosis virus

19. What BRD has 3 forms: respiratory, conjunctival, and reproductive?

    Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)

20. Grass tetany, which can display as nervousness, difficulty walking, apparent blindness, convulsions, and/or death, is caused by a deficiency in what?

    Magnesium

21. Horse body temperature range:

    99 to 101

22. What breed ranks 2nd in milk production (volume) in US?

    Brown Swiss

23. Cattle Rectal Temp:

    101.5

24. Cattle Respiratory Rate:

    30

25. Cattle Heart Rate:

    50

26. Swine Rectal Temp:

    102.5

27. Swine Respiratory Rate:

    16

28. Swine Heart Rate:

    60e

29. Blackleg symptoms:

    sudden death fever labored breathing lameness muscle swelling and blackening subcutaneous gas

30. Blackleg prevention:

    calfhood vaccination (w/ boost) 2-4 months of age

31. Blackleg treatent:

    penicillin

32. Blackleg transmission:

    Clostridial bacteria in soil

33. Morbidity rates are highly correlated with economic losses from:

    mortality medicine and labor premature culling

34. Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis virus:

    herpes virus

35. Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis transmission:

    infected animals air feed water equipment shoes & clothes

36. Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) transmission:

    contact, vector transmission

37. Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) severe form symptoms:

    severe fever cough oral & nasal discharge diarrhea weight loss abortion and/or fetal abnormalities

38. Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) mild for symptoms:

    part of "shipping fever" complex ulcerations on digestive tract diarrhea (mucus or blood)

39. Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) prevention:

    vaccine

40. Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) treatment:

    antibiotics & sulfa drugs

41. Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) symptoms:

    labored breathing pneumonia

42. Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) prevention:

    vaccination

43. Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) treatment:

    antihistamines corticosteroids

44. Parainfluenza3 (PI3) transmission:

    airborne feed water equipment

45. Parainfluenza3 (PI3) symptoms:

    nasal discharge mild cough fever depression

46. Parainfluenza3 (PI3) prevention:

    vaccine

47. Pasteurellosis symptoms:

    depression dyspenea anorexia fever bloody nasal discharge cough

48. Pasteurellosis prevention:

    bacterin vaccination in combination

49. Haemophilus somnus symptoms:

    drowsiness depression fever incoordination

50. Haemophilus somnus prevention:

    H. somnus bacterin

51. Leptospirosis transmission:

    venereal transmission common (natural mating) also urine, placental fluid, and milk transmission

52. Leptospirosis symptoms:

    hemolytic anemia abortion cessation of milk production fever discolored urine

53. Leptospirosis prevention:

    vaccination of breeding animals annually and sanitation

54. Brucellosis symptoms:

    abortion after 5th month

55. Brucellosis transmission:

    ingestion skin abrasions fetal fluids herd-to-herd infection

56. Brucellosis prevention:

    purchase from brucellosis-free herds heifer vaccination (4-12 months)

57. Venereal Camplylobacteriosis (aka vibriosis) transmission:

    natural mating transmission contaminated semen of AI equipment

58. Venereal Camplylobacteriosis symptoms in female:

    inflamed uterus extended estrus intervals extended calving intervals embryonic mortality

59. Venereal Camplylobacteriosis prevention:

    Vaccination prior to breeding season (30 d) use of AI

60. Venereal Camplylobacteriosis treatment:

    antibiotics

61. Trichomoniasis symptoms:

    early fetal death infertility extended calving intervals

62. Trichomoniasis transmission:

    breeding transmission can also occur when the semen from infected bulls is used for AI

63. Bovine Leukosis Virus symptoms:

    causes tumors of lymphatic tissues clinical signs apparent ~1% of time remains dormant until stressed

64. Bovine Leukosis Virus transmission:

    taggers tattoo equipment needles flies

65. Bovine Leukosis Virus management:

    preventative management only (no treatment or vaccine) disinfect equipment change needles after every animal implement annual testing have good control of biting insects

66. Calf scours symptoms:

    anorexia dehydration sunken eyes rough hair coat fever watery diarrhea

67. Calf scours prevention:

    adequate colostrum sanitation dam vaccination

68. Johne's disease symptoms:

    persistent diarrhea weight loss emaciation rough hair coat poor milk production

69. Johne's disease transmission:

    fecal contamination from infected dam to offspring young animals most susceptible to infection of disease (<6 months)

70. Grass Tetany symptoms:

    nervousness difficulty walking apparent blindness convulsions death

71. Infectious Keratitis symptoms:

    excessive weeping squinting a white spot sometimes visible on cornea developing ulcer in severe cases, the iris & lens can protrude through the cornea runny nose

72. Warts transmission:

    cross infection through cuts or abrasions

73. Warts prevention:

    sanitation and disinfection avoid sharp objects vaccination -- not alway effective

74. Temporary methods of ID:

    ear tagging neck tagging paint branding sale tagging leg banding

75. Permanent methods of ID:

    branding (hot or cold) tattooing (ear or lip) ear notching microchipping nose printing

76. Swine Critical Production Variables (CPVs):

    number of piglets born alive vs. dead % mortality vs survival weaning weights per piglet

77. Sows should average ____ litters per sow per year.

    2 - 2.4

78. Farrowing crate dimensions:

    2 x 7 feet

79. Reasons to use farrowing crate:

    reduce piglet mortality reduces sow aggression that can be observed in group housing individual feeding and care for the sow to aid stockperson

80. Signs of farrowing:

    nest building behavior increased restlessness discharge from the vulva abdominal contractions increase in rectal temperature availability of milk in the udder

81. Period from beginning of abdominal contractions to expulsion of the first piglet may take from _________ with a range of ______________.

    1-3 hours; 15 minutes to 10 hours

82. Baby pig processing:

    castration dock tail Iron (Fe) injection clip needle teeth ear notch for identification scour guard

83. Pigs are typically processed at...

    3-4 days old

84. Why do indoor pigs need an iron injection?

    sows milk is low in iron can't root in soil prevents anemia

85. Left ear notching:

    individual piglet number

86. right ear notching:

    litter number

87. Main causes of piglet mortality:

    crushing by sow starvation savaging environmental (extreme cold) or predators disease or birth defects