Quiz 4 Ex Phys

32 flashcards · Other · by Emma Yarbrough

1. Profiles of horses in training:

   housed in stables minimal/no pasture access round-pen or paddock turn-out higher-concentrate diet

2. Sweating can lead to a reduction in temp by ____ below core temperature.

   2.5*C

3. Sweating rates of horses exercising in the heat can reach...

   10 to 15 L/hr

4. Sweating will dissipate up to ____ of metabolic heat produced

   75%

5. When feeding horses, we want to be feeding no less than _____ as good quality hay.

   0.75-1%/dBody Weight

6. Exercising horses may need to eat ___ BW/d

   2.5%

7. Heat loss associated with warming inspired air to body temp is ___ of heat loss at rest and exercise.

   ~5%

8. Evaporative heat loss associated with humidifying respired gases _____ during exercise.

   increases; 10-15% of heat loss

9. Heat loss through sweating = Heat loss through respiration =

   Heat loss through sweating = 75% Heat loss through respiration = 20%

10. Energy:

    Expressed as calories, kilocalories, megacalories ATP is major source of readily available energy in cells

11. ATP is major source of readily available energy in cells:

    catabolism of carbohydrates, fat, protein carbs and fat under normal circumstances amino acids during starvations

12. Amino acids should go towards ______. If they are using amino acids for energy, they need_____.

    making muscle; higher energy feed/better quality forage

13. In humans, cardiac output decreases during exercise in heat, compared to thermoneutral environment due to:

    decreased central blood volume decreased plasma water loss of body fluid in sweat

14. When cardiac output is decreased...

    blood flow to skin must be reduced -- would impair heat loss or, reduction in blood flow to the working muscles -- would reduce metabolic performance

15. Exercise-induced heat stress is when:

    heat production during exercise exceeds dissipation body temperature reaches critical levels

16. Exercise-induced heat stress caused by:

    exercising in adverse environmental conditions (high temp & humidity) inadequate conditioning impairment of thermoregulatory system paired with energy depletion

17. Exercise-induced heat stress symptoms:

    dehydration & exhaustion decreased skin turgor sunken eyes dry mucous membranes firm, dry feces (or none) decreased urine output increased rectal temperature respiratory rate elevated (may pant) increased heart rate diaphragmatic flutter

18. Exercise-induced heat stress treatment:

    early recognition* cold hosing, voluntary rehydration, palatable feed, electrolytes cooling: hosing with cold water continually and ventilation via breeze or fans fluid administration (IV)

19. When cold-hosing for exercise-induced heat stress, pay particular attention to:

    head, neck, and large subcutaneous vessels between hind legs blood vessels -- blood runs throughout body -- colder blood = colder body

20. Exercise-induced heat stress prevention:

    physical training heat acclimatization (2-3 weeks) electrolyte supplementation

21. Anhidrosis clinical signs:

    unable to sweat heat intolerance reduced exercise capacity elevated temp and respiratory rate dry and flakey skin, alopecia may develop the problem in the summer, but recommence sweating in the cooler months

22. Muscle is located proximally in the skeleton of the horse:

    pendulum-like effect decreases energy needed to swing the limb

23. Muscle -- thick filaments:

    primarily myosin

24. muscle -- thin filaments:

    primarily actin

25. Sarcomere:

    repeating unit of myofilaments within the myofibril fundamental unit of contraction

26. Filaments of _______ traverse the sarcomere at each end to form the _____.

    actin; z-line

27. Contraction of muscle occurs when...

    thin myofilaments slide over thick myofilaments

28. Sarcolemma:

    actively transports substrates into muscle cell serves as docking location for proteins originating in basement membrane and cytoskeleton transmits neural excitatory impulses leading to muscle contraction

29. sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR):

    surrounds each myofibril sequesters Ca in the relaxed muscle fiber low Ca in sarcoplasm surrounding myofibrils

30. Ca is needed for .....

    relaxation of muscles

31. Enzymes involved in oxidative metabolism are located

    within mitochondrial membrane

32. Mitochondria in horses are concentrates in...

    subsarcolemmal locations, particularly in association with capillaries fewer found between myofibrils