ERP Lecture 5

5 flashcards · Other · by Daniel F.

  1. Moderator variable

    variable that affects the direction and/or strength of the relationship between an independent or predictor variable and a dependent or criterion variable e.g. The number of hours allocated for studying (𝑥) affects exam grade (𝑦) positively, and the effect will be stronger when studentʼs sleep quality (z) is higher in a regression a multiplicative interaction (x.z) term between the predictor 𝑥 and the moderator z represent moderation

  2. Best practices of moderator variables

    Include interaction terms if hypothesis is conditional e.g.: A relationship between two (or more) variables depends on the value of one (or more) other variables Include all constitutive terms (x, z, xz) e.g. If you have the interaction 𝑥𝑧, always include 𝑥 and 𝑧 too as predictors Do not interpret constitutive terms (x and z) as if they are B1 only captures the effect of x on y when z is zero c.p. To interpret: estimate the marginal effect of x on y for different values of z unconditional m…

  3. Continuous Moderators vs Categorical Moderators

    Continuous Moderators (e.g., income, age): The slope of X X on Y Y changes linearly with Z Z. Categorical Moderators (e.g., gender, treatment group): The effect of X X differs across subgroups (e.g., men vs. women).

  4. mediator variable

    a variable that is in a causal sequence between two variables, the intervening mechanism that drives the relation between x and y y depends on mediator mediator depends on x

  5. Four-Step Mediation Analysis (Baron & Kenny, 1986)

    Four-Step Mediation Analysis (Baron & Kenny, 1986) Total Effect: Regress Y on X. Requirement: B1 (total effect of X on Y) must be significant. Mediator Exposure: Regress M on X. Requirement: B2 (effect of X on M) must be significant. Direct & Mediated Effects: Regress Y on both X and M. Requirements: B4 (effect of M on Y) is significant. B3 (direct effect of X) is smaller than B1. Mediation Type: Full Mediation: B3 becomes non-significant. Partial Mediation: B3 remains significant (but reduced).