Unit 4 Key Terms - PSYC201 (2025)
44 flashcards · Psychology · by Meili Kingma
pre-conventional reasoning
Individual's moral reasoning is controlled by external rewards and punishment (Kohlberg)
conventional reasoning
Individual's abide by standard's of others (ex. parents, laws of society)
post-conventional reasoning
Individual recognizes alternative moral courses, explores the options, then decides on a personal moral code
justice perspective
Focuses on the rights of the individual (Kohlberg)
care perspective
People are viewed in terms of their connectedness with others and emphasizes relationships with others (Gilligan)
domain theory of moral development
Individuals develop different domains at different times
social conventional reasoning
Individual focuses on adhering to social norms, rather than personal values
gender stereotypes
Broad categories that reflect society's belief's about females and males
puberty
A process occurring in early adolescence that provides stimulation for the rapid physical changes that occur in this period of development
menarche
A girl's first menstruation
hormones
Chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands and carried through the body by the bloodstream
hypothalamus
A structure in the higher portion of the brain that monitors eating and sex
pituitary gland
An important endocrine gland that controls growth and regulates other glands
gonads
The sex glands (testes and ovaries)
corpus callosum
Where nerve fibers connect the brain's left and right hemispheres
limbic system
System in the brain that is the seat of emotions
sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
Infections contracted through sexual contact
anorexia nervosa
An eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation
bulimia nervosa
An eating disorder in which the individual consistently follows a binge-and-purge pattern
hypothetical-deductive reasoning
Idea that adolescents have the ability to develop best guesses about ways to solve a problem (Piaget)
adolescent egocentrism
The heightened self-consciousness of adolescents
imaginary audience
Involves adolescents' belief that others are as interested in them as they themselves are
personal fable
An adolescent's sense of uniqueness and invincibility
top-dog phenomenon
The circumstance of moving from the top position in elementary school to the lowest position in middle school
service learning
A form of education that promotes social responsibility and service to the community
crisis
A period of identity development during which adolescent is exploring alternatives (Marcia)
commitment
A part of identity development in which adolescents show a personal investment in forming an identity (Marcia)
identity diffusion
Adolescents who have not yet experiences a crisis or made any commitments (Marcia)
identity foreclosure
Adolescents who have made a commitment but have not experienced a crisis (Marcia)
identity moratorium
Adolescents who are in the midst of a crisis, but have not made specific commitments (Marcia)
identity achievement
Adolescents who have undergone a crisis and have made an commitment (Marcia)
ethnic identity
A sense of membership in an ethnic group and the feelings related to that membership
clique
A small group of around 5 individuals who engage in similar activites
crowd
A larger group of individuals who have a similar reputation; members may not spend much time together
rite of passage
A ceremony that marks an individual's transition form one status to another (ex. transition to adult status)
juvenille delinquent
An adolescent who breaks the law or engages in behavior that is considered illegal
emerging adulthood
A period of transitioning from adolescence to adulthood (18-25yo) that involves experimentation
aerobic exercise
Sustained exercise that stimulates heart and lung activity (ex. jogging, swimming, cycling)
postformal thought
A stage that occurs in early adulthood where thinking that is involves synthesizing opposing ideas into am more complete understanding
secure attachment style
Adults who have positive views of relationships, find it easy to get close to others, and are not overly concerned about their romantic relationships
avoidant attachment style
Adults who are hesitant about getting involves in romantic relationships and tend to distance themselves from their partners
anxious attachment style
Adults who demand closeness, are less trusting, more emotions, jealous, and possessive
romantic love
Individual has strong sexual and infatuation with other person; happens in the early period of a love relationship
affectionate love
Individual desires to have the other person near and has a deep care for them