network basics

Flashcard about the network courses from try hack me

50 flashcards · Computer Science · by Frizzus

1. What does the term "IP" stand for?

   Internet Protocol

2. What is each section of an IP address called?

   An octet

3. How many sections (in digits) does an IPv4 address have?

   4

4. How many sections (in digits) does an IPv6 address have?

   8

5. What does the term "MAC" stand for (when talking about hardware) ?

   Media Access Control

6. What protocol does the `ping` command uses ?

   ICMP

7. What does ICMP means ?

   Internet Control Message Protocol

8. What is the purpose of ICMP protocol ?

   The main purpose of ICMP is to help troublshooting network error

9. In networking, what is a topology ?

   The topology of a network is the way the computer are connected to each other

10. What does a star topology consist of?

    A central switch connected to all other machines on the network.

11. What are the advantages of a star topology?

    A star topology is known to be stable, and it is easy to add new devices.

12. What are the disadvantages of a star topology?

    A star topology is more costly and requires more maintenance than other topologies due to the purchase and maintenance of switches.

13. What does a ring topology consist of?

    A certain number of machines connected by a cable to the next and previous machine, forming a loop.

14. What are the advantages of a ring topology?

    The ring topology requires less money and maintenance as it only requires purchasing one cable per machine. There are fewer bottlenecks than with a bus topology.

15. What are the disadvantages of a ring topology?

    The ring topology is more sensitive to errors; a cut cable can isolate the entire network (two cables for a dual ring configuration). It is more difficult to add a new device to the network.

16. What does a bus topology consist of?

    Several machines connected by a single cable.

17. What are the advantages of a bus topology?

    The bus topology is the least expensive to set up; it only requires cables, T-connectors, and terminators.

18. What are the disadvantages of a bus topology?

    The bus topology is sensitive to collisions in case of too many requests. Additionally, if the central cable is cut, the network will no longer function.

19. What does a mesh topology consist of?

    The mesh topology consists of n machines that each have n connections; all machines are connected to each other by a direct cable.

20. What are the advantages of a mesh topology?

    The mesh topology is the most stable. In case of a cable break, the network will reroute the path to the target machine using a detour. The mesh topology is also fast because there is a direct link between machines.

21. What are the disadvantages of a mesh topology?

    The mesh topology is one of the most expensive and cumbersome to set up due to the number of cables required.

22. What is wireless mesh topology?

    Wireless mesh applies the rerouting principle of mesh topology to a series of Wi-Fi modems. If a Wi-Fi modem fails, the network will try to access the target by passing through another modem.

23. What does LAN mean?

    Local Area Network

24. What does MAN mean?

    Metropolitan Area Network

25. What does WAN mean?

    Wide Area Network

26. What is a switch?

    A switch is a machine designed to aggregate different machines into a single network. A switch is used for a star topology.

27. What is a router?

    A router's purpose is to search for and find a path that packets will take to reach their destination. This principle is called routing.

28. What does the "OSI" in "OSI Model" stand for?

    Open Systems Interconnection

29. How many layers (in digits) does the OSI model have?

    7

30. What is the name of the layer 1 of the OSI model

    Physical layer

31. What is the goal of the physical layer ?

    To transfer data through ethernet cable in binary

32. What is the name of the layer 2 of the OSI model ?

    Data link layer

33. What is the goal of the data link layer ?

    The data link layer add the MAC address ( with the NIC ) and format the data for it to be readable.

34. What does NIC means ?

    Network Interface Card

35. What is the name of the layer 3 of the OSI model ?

    Network layer

36. What does the acronym "OSPF" stand for?

    Open Shortest Path First

37. What does the acronym "RIP" stand for?

    Routing Information Protocol

38. What type of addresses are dealt with at the network layer ?

    IP Addresses

39. What is the goal of the network layer ?

    To route request to the right computer in a network and to re-assemble the different packets in a request.

40. What is the name of the layer 4 of the OSI model ?

    Transport layer

41. What is the goal of the transport layer ?

    The transport layer will dictate how the different packets of a request will be send. The TCP and UDP protocol are both transport portocol.

42. What does TCP stand for?

    Transmission Control Protocol

43. What does UDP stand for?

    User Datagram Protocol

44. What transport protocol guarantees the accuracy of the data ?

    TCP. This protocol will resend the packet that have been lost.

45. What transport protocol doesn't care if data is received or not by the other device?

    UDP. This protocol is not checking the receiver's data integrity. It makes UDP faster if you don't need liability

46. What transport protocol would an application such as an email client use?

    TCP

47. What transport protocol would an application that downloads files use?

    TCP

48. What protocol would an application that streams video use?

    UDP. If some data are lost, the video will be pixelated but that's it.

49. What is the name of the layer 5 of the OSI model

    Session Layer

50. What is the goal of the Session layer ?

    The session layer will create a session when a request is send between a server and a client ( The session layer also close the connection ). A session will contain all data when traveling to avoid the data to go somewhere else.