Viruses

19 flashcards · Other · by Jared Blackwell

  1. Difference in DNA and RNA virus replication?

    - DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus by using host DNA dependent RNA polymerase (RNA polymerase) to synthesize mRNA (transcribe). exception Poxvirus in cytoplasm - DNA virus replicate genome by using host or viral DNA polymerase in nucleus (host DNA polymerase 3 P's: Parvovirus, Papillomavirus, Polyomvirus). RNA viruses transcribe and replicate in the cytoplasm of host using their own viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase. exception Orthomyxovirus and Retrovirus ***If virus uses its own polymera…

  2. Interferons provide protection against viral infections by?

    ds RNA using protein kinase and ribonuclease

  3. What are permissive cells?

    Cells that permit production of progeny virus particle and/or transmission.

  4. Do DNA or RNA virus do transformation?

    All DNA viruses can transform cells except Parvovirus. Human retroviruses, HTLV, and Hepatitis C are RNA viruses that can undergo transformation.

  6. You are the physician for a nursing home with approximately 80 residents. In February, eight of the residents became ill with acute respiratory illness over a one-week period and 3 required hospitalizations

    Cause : Influenza (-)ssRNA segmented Antiviral: Tamiflu/Oseltamivir (Neuraminidase inhibitors) Control outbreak: good hygiene measure Prophylaxes: flu vaccine

  7. A 10-month old baby boy is brought to the hospital by his mother with a fever, dry, cough and shortness of breath. He has become more restless with a worsening cough over the past day. There is no relevant past medical history and he is up to date with his immunization schedule. On examination, a diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis is made

    Cause: RSV (-)ssRNA enveloped Diagnosis: immunofluorescence, RT-PCR Treatment: supportive, ribavirin in some cases Control of infection: RSV F protein monoclonal antibody (palivizumab) for high risk

  8. You are the physician for a childcare facility with approximately 80 young children. In February, 25 children became ill with acute respiratory illness over a three day period with barking cough and hoarse voice

    Cause: Parainfluenza (-)ssRNA enveloped Treatment: No specific antiviral Control outbreak: good hygiene practice like washing hands and discarding nasal secretion napkins properly etc. Prevention: keeping sick children at home and not bringing them to childcare facility

  9. Where are the influenza virus receptors?

  10. Avian H1N5 causes viral pneumonia in younger adults due to cytokine storm. Human H1N1 cause bacterial pneumonia in old people. Swine H1N1 cause viral pneumonia in younger adults.

  11. What T-cell causes severe disease in RSV?

    Th2 cytokines associated with severe disease. RSV F protein promotes fusion leading to syncytia formation.

  12. Cause: mumps (-)ssRNA enveloped Incubation period: 16-18 days average Complications: orchitis, meningitis, encephalitis, pancreatitis oophoritis, myocarditis Treatment: supportive Prevention: MMR vaccine

  13. Diagnosis: measles (-)ssRNA enveloped Incubation period: 9–11 days average Complications: encephalitis, bacterial super infection Most infectious: catarrhal stage Treatment: supportive Prevention: MMR vaccine

  14. Cause: rubella (+)RNA enveloped icosaheral Incubation period: 16 days average Most infectious when: 7 days before and 7 days after the onset of rash Treatment: supportive Prevention: MMR vaccine

  15. naked (-)ssDNA virus and what does it cause?

    PARVOVIRUS causes: Aplastic anemia in sickle cell anemia replicates in S phase (no S phase in RBCs) causing "S Phase Arrest" Low reticulocyte count which in abnormal with high turnover. Fatigue, dyspnea Hydrops fetalis First 2 trimesters Fifth disease in children "Slapped Cheek" Runny nose low grade fever THEN face rash going down body. Arthritis that is symmetric in adults Stiff in morning rule out RA. (TORCHeS) transmission by Respiratory Droplets and replicates in erythrocyte precursors in b…

  16. Adenovirus

    Naked (+)dsDNA Adenovirus - occurs in children may have hematuria maybe dysuria. Pharyngitis, pneumonia Pink eye (conjunctivitis) Hemorrhagic cystitis Tonsillitis #1 cause Very stable on surfaces: Transmission aerosol droplets, fecal-oral, surfaces.

  17. Hepatitis B

    Hepadnavirus - enveloped, circular 1) Partial dsDNA enters hepatocyte nucleus 2) DNA becomes fully double-strand 3)mRNA synthesized and enters cytoplasm 4)mRNA in cytoplasm synthesizes reverse transcriptase 5) reverse transcriptase uses mRNA to make viral DNA 6)Packaged in capsid making new virions 7) Gets envelope from ER (most from cell membrane).

  18. Poxvirus

    Poxvirus

  19. herpes virus