Chapter 2.1.1-2: Constituents and Unstable Nuclei

29 flashcards · Physics · by TheoTyson

  1. What are the charge, relative charge and mass of a proton?

    Charge (C): +1.6⋅10−19+ 1.6 \cdot 10^{-19}+1.6⋅10−19 Relative Charge: +1+1+1 Mass (kg): 1.673⋅10−271.673 \cdot 10^{-27}1.673⋅10−27

  2. What are the charge, relative charge and mass of a neutron?

    Charge (C): 0 Relative Charge: 0 Mass (kg): 1.675⋅10−271.675 \cdot 10^{-27}1.675⋅10−27

  3. What are the charge, relative charge and mass of an electron?

    Charge (C): −1.6⋅10−19- 1.6 \cdot 10^{-19}−1.6⋅10−19 Relative Charge: -1 Mass (kg): 9.11⋅10−319.11 \cdot 10^{-31}9.11⋅10−31

  4. What are nucleons?

    Subatomic particles found in the nucleus including protons and neutrons.

  5. Describe the arrangement of the atom

    A central heavy nucleus of protons and neutrons is surrounded by electrons that orbit in shells.

  6. What is the specific charge of a particle? What is the equation?

    specific charge of a particlespecific \, charge \, of \, a \, particlespecificchargeofaparticle === ChargeMass\frac{Charge}{Mass}MassCharge​ A measure of how dense the charge is, measured in Ckg−1Ckg^{-1}Ckg−1 .

  7. What does the atomic mass (nucleon) number mean? What is the symbol?

    AAA - Number of protons and neutrons.

  8. What does the atomic (proton) number mean? What is the symbol?

    ZZZ - Number of protons.

  9. What is a nuclide?

    A nucleus of a given element with specified values of AAA and ZZZ .

  10. What are isotopes?

    Nuclei or atoms with the same number of protons but with different numbers of neutrons.

  11. What is a positive ion?

    An atom that has lost electrons and has a positive charge.

  12. What is a negative ion?

    An atom that has gained electrons and has a negative charge.

  13. What is isotopic data?

    The relative amounts of different isotopes of an element present in a substance.

  14. Describe a use of Carbon 14 isotopic data

    All living have the same percentage of carbon 14, but when they die, this decreases. This can be used to calculate the age of dead organic matter.

  15. What is the function of the strong nuclear force?

    Holds the nucleus together, which would otherwise break apart, as the like charge protons would repel each other.

  16. What is the range of repulsion of the strong nuclear force?

    Repulsion: Up to 0.5fm0.5fm0.5fm .

  17. What is the goal of unstable nuclei?

    The nucleus will change its nucleon composition and emit nuclear radiation in the form of α\alphaα , β\betaβ or γ\gammaγ radiation.

  18. What is emitted during alpha decay?

    An alpha particle with 2 protons and 2 neutrons.

  19. What is the ZAX^{A}_{Z}XZA​X notation of an alpha particle?

    24He^{4}_{2} He24​He

  20. What is the general equation of alpha decay?

    ZAX^A_ZXZA​X →\rightarrow→ Z−2A−4Y^{A-4}_{Z-2}YZ−2A−4​Y +++ 24He^{4}_{2} He24​He

  21. What happens during beta minus decay emission?

    A neutron decays into a proton and an electron and antineutrino are emitted.

  22. What is the ZAX^{A}_{Z}XZA​X notation of a beta minus particle?

    −10e^0_{-1} e−10​e

  23. What is the general equation of a beta minus decay?

    ZAX^A_ZXZA​X →\rightarrow→ Z+1AY^A_{Z+1}YZ+1A​Y +++ −10e^0_{-1}e−10​e +++ νeˉ\bar{\nu_e}νe​ˉ​

  24. What happens during gamma emission?

    Protons and neutrons losing energy and a gamma ray photon is emitted.

  25. What is the range of radiation particles in air?

    α\alphaα particles - a few centimetres. β\betaβ particles - several metres.

  26. What happens in a cloud chamber?

    Alpha and beta particles leave tracks in the cloud chamber.

  27. What defines an element?

    The number of protons.

  28. What is the need for the neutrino?

    To fit with the principle of conservation of energy and momentum, carries some energy away.

  29. What is the range of attraction of the strong nuclear force?

    Attraction: 0.5fm0.5fm0.5fm −-− 3.0fm3.0fm3.0fm