Monitors
36 flashcards · Other · by Ian Christensen
What is a pixel?
Any of the small discrete elements that together constitute an image
What does pixel stand for?
Picture Element
What is an LCD?
An electronic display (as of the time in a digital watch) that consists of segments of a liquid crystal whose reflectivity varies according to the voltage applied to them
What does LCD stand for?
Liquid Crystal Display
Do LCDs create their own light?
No, they need backlighting
What do all LCDs need in order to function?
Backlighting
What does RGB stand for?
Red, Green, and Blue
What does CMYK stand for?
Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black
What is a CCFL?
CCFL is an older type of backlighting used in a flat-panel LCD monitors and has mostly been replaced by LEDs
What does CCFL stand for?
Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp
What is an LED?
A semiconductor diode that emits light when a voltage is applied to it and that is most commonly used as the backlighting for LCD monitors
What does LED stand for?
Light-Emitting Diode
What are two examples of backlighting used by LCD monitors?
CCFL and LED
What is a TN panel?
TN is the original LCD technology with excellent response times as low as 1 ms and high refresh rates up to 240 Hz. At 144 Hz, TN panels are much less expensive than IPS. TN screens make the best gaming monitors for speed; however, their visual quality is not as good as IPS or VA. See LCD types.
What does TN panel stand for?
Twisted Nematic Panel
What are the pros and cons of a TN panel?
Best refresh rates Best response times Worst picture quality Worst contrast ratios Worst viewing angles Least expensive
What is an IPS panel?
IPS and all its varieties (S-IPS, H-IPS, e-IPS, P-IPS and AHVA) provide a better visual experience than TN with better contrast ratio and color accuracy. IPS also has a greater viewing angle. IPS response times are generally no faster than 4 ms, and monitors with 144 Hz refresh rates are expensive. See IPS panel.
What does IPS panel stand for?
In-Plane Switching Panel
What are the pros and cons of an IPS panel?
Best viewing angles Average picture quality Average contrast ratios Average response time Average refresh rate Most expensive (Easier to make curved or ultrawide, but people complain that the backlighting causes a glow especially in dark rooms)
What is a VA panel?
Fujitsu developed VA panels in the mid-1990s with high contrast ratios. Its narrow viewing angle compared to IPS was later improved with Fujitsu's MVA and AU Optronics' AMVA variations (see MVA). However, except for pricier models, VA response times are slow, and ghosting may occur. VA screens are touted as the middle ground between low-end TN and high-end IPS panels.
What does VA panel stand for?
Vertical Alignment Panel
What are the pros and cons of a VA panel?
Best contrast ratios Best picture quality Average viewing angles Worst response times Worst refresh rates Average cost (Commonly used for TVs)
What is screen resolution?
The number of horizontal and vertical pixels on a display screen. The more pixels, the more information is visible without scrolling. Screen resolutions have a pixel count such as 1600x1200, which means 1,600 horizontal pixels and 1,200 vertical pixels.
What is a Nit or Nt?
A measurement of the brightness of light. One nit is equal to one candela (one candlepower) per square meter (1cd/m2). The sun at noon is rated at 1.6 billion nits. Although, LCD screens range from 200 to 500 nits, our outdated TV standard is 100 nits, which was set in the days when rare earth phosphors were used in cathode ray tubes (CRTs). Various high dynamic range (HDR) technologies, such as Dolby Vision, yield 4,000 nits and above on LCD TVs. See stilb, candela, Dolby HDR and LED TV.
What is the average range of nits for a computer monitor?
200 to 500 nits
What is response time?
The time it takes for a screen pixel to change color. Measured as a change from black to white or from one shade of gray to another, a fast pixel response time is one millisecond (1 ms). See LCD categories, pixel and response time.
What is the average range of response time for computer monitors?
1 to 4 ms
What is a common range of contrast ratios for computer monitors?
What is the difference between response time and refresh rate?
Response time is the amount of time it takes for a pixel to change from one color to another and then back to the original color, whereas refresh rate is the number of tiems an image is updated per second
If someone is selling an "LED monitor" what does that mean?
It means they are selling an LCD monitor with LED backlighting
What is OLED?
OLED is an LED that is used in flat-panel displays, is much thinner than LCD, requires less power to run, and emit their own light. OLED is used in mobile phones and smartphones, and handheld gaming devices.
What does OLED stand for?
Organic Light-Emitting Diode
What is DLP?
DLP uses a spatial light modulator called a "Digital Micromirror Device" (DMD). The DMD is a memory chip covered with hinged, microscopic electromechanical mirrors, one for each pixel on the screen. For example, a 1280x1024 resolution uses more than a million "micromirrors," which tilt 10 degrees forward or backward, acting as light switches. Each mirror is 16 micrometers square, and all of them fit on a CMOS chip the size of a postage stamp.
What does DLP stand for?
Digital Light Processing
What are two examples of display monitors?
LCD and OLED
What is a TFT display?
An active-matrix display is an LCD (liquid crystal display) introduced with the IBM ThinkPad in 1992. With Active-matrix displays, each pixel is controlled by one to four transistors that make the screen brighter and more colorful than passive-matrix displays. Active-matrix displays also update the screen faster than passive-matrix displays and are capable of being viewed at a greater viewing angle. Because of this improved technology, active-matrix screens are often more expensive than their p…