Phylosophy (Lyotard)

12 flashcards · Philosophy · by charlie42

  1. In Marxist theory, society consists of two parts: the base and superstructure.

  2. The base comprises the forces and relations of production

  3. The base determines society's other relationships and ideas to comprise its superstructure, including its culture, institutions, political power structures, roles, rituals, and state.

  4. In Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' own critique of political economy, forces of production (Produktivkräfte) refer to the combination of the means of labor (tools, machinery, land, infrastructure, and so on) with human labour power.

  5. By labour-power or capacity for labour is to be understood the aggregate of those mental and physical capabilities existing in a human being, which he exercises whenever he produces a use-value of any description.

  6. Marx distinguished between the capacity to do work, labour power, from the physical act of working, labour

  7. In the writings of Karl Marx and the Marxist theory of historical materialism, a mode of production is a specific combination of the following: Productive forces: these include human labour power and means of production (e.g. tools, productive machinery, commercial and industrial buildings, other infrastructure, technical knowledge, materials, plants, animals and exploitable land). Social and technical relations of production: these include the property, power and control relations governing so…

  8. Where the base of the capitalist economy is the focus of earlier Marxists, the Western Marxists concentrate on the problems of superstructures, as their attention centres on culture, philosophy, and art.

  9. Critical theory argues that social problems stem more from social structures and cultural assumptions than from individuals.

  10. In sociology and political philosophy, "Critical Theory" means the Western-Marxist philosophy of the Frankfurt School, developed in Germany in the 1930s and drawing on the ideas of Karl Marx and Sigmund Freud.

  11. Tel Quel was a French avant-garde literary magazine founded in 1960. Important essays working towards post-structuralism and deconstruction appeared here.

  12. Who made these

    Charles Moore