Biology vocabulary unit 2

41 flashcards · Biology · by goddest1

1. Matter

   Anything that takes up space

2. Atomic number

   The number of protons in an atom

3. Elements

   A collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons

4. Periodic table

   A table of all the chemical element arranged in order of atomic number

5. Isotopes

   One of several forms of an atomic element, each containing the same number of protons bit a different number of neutrons

6. Atomic mass

   The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom

7. Molecule

   Chemical that results when two or more atoms join together chemically

8. Compound

   A molecule that contains atoms of at least two different elements

9. Ionic bonds

   A chemical bond formed when two or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

10. Ion

    Positively or negatively charged atom resulting from the transfer of electrons

11. Covalent bonds

    Chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons between two or more electrons

12. Hydrogen bond

    A weak electrical attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom and a partially negative atom or another molecule

13. Solvent

    Any substance in which other substances are dissolved

14. Solute

    A dissolved substance

15. Solution

    A mixture of solutes dissolved in a solvent

16. Aqueous solution

    A solution in which water is the solvent

17. Cohesion

    An attractive force that hold molecules of the same substance together

18. Adhesion

    An attractive force that holds molecules of different substances together

19. Heat capacity

    The amount of heat energy required to increase the temperature

20. Organic molecules

    Molecules found in living organisms that contain carbon in rings or long chains, attached to other atoms like hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, or phosphorus.

21. Biosynthesis

    The process by which loving organisms produces larger molecules from smaller ones

22. Isomers

    Two different molecules that have the same chemical formula

23. Monosaccharides

    Simple sugars; they are the building blocks of more complex carbohydrate

24. Disaccharides

    carbohydrates that are made up of two monosaccharides

25. Polysaccharides

    carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides

26. Dehydration reaction

    A chemical reaction in which molecules combine by removing water

27. Starch

    A polysaccharide consisting of many glucose molecules stored in plants

28. Glycogen

    A polysaccharide consisting on many glucose molecules stored in animals

29. Cellulose

    A polysaccharide consisting of many glucose molecules found in the cell walls of plants

30. Hydrolysis

    Breaking down complex molecules by the addition of water

31. Hydrophobic

    Latin for water fearing; lacking affinity to water

32. Saturated fat

    A lipid made from fatty acids that have no double bonds between carbon atoms

33. Unsaturated fat

    A lipid made from fatty acids that have at least one double bond between carbon atoms

34. Steroid

    Lipid molecules with four fosed carbon rings

35. Amino acids

    The badic building blocks of proteins each containing a carboxyl group and an amino group

36. Hydrophilic

    Attracts water molecules

37. Peptide bond

    A covalent bond that links amino acids together in a polypeptide

38. Activation energy

    The energy needed to get reactions started

39. Substrate

    A spacific reaction acted on by an enzyme

40. Denaturation

    The process in which the normal shape of a protein is lost, usually due to heat

41. Nucleotides

    The building blocks of DNA and RNA