HB Protein Synthesis

17 flashcards · Biology · by Serenity Underwood

1. DNA

   deoxyribonucleic acid >> two strands, double-helix >> adenine and thymine; cytosine and guanine >> deoxyribose (sugar) >> canNOT leave the nucleus >> holds genetic information >> controls cell's activity

2. tRNA

   transfer RNA >> brings amino acids to the ribosome to make desired protein

3. rRNA

   ribosomal RNA >> makes ribosomes

4. genetic code

   a chart that is used to find out what the amino acid mRNA is coding for >> follows the first letter to the third letter within the circle and rings >>> get your condon from mRNA >>> go in order to find the amino acid

5. RNA

   ribonucleic acid >> one single strand >> three types of RNA >>> mRNA >>> rRNA >>> tRNA >> adenine and uracil; cytosine and guanine >> ribose (sugar) >> can leave the nucleus >> uses the DNA instructions to make proteins

6. protein

   enzymes >> made of amino acids (monomers) >> vital for ALL life

7. amino acids

   the monomers of protein

8. mRNA

   messenger RNA >> creates instructions for how to make a specific protein

9. codon

   the code from mRNA used in the genetic code to find the amino acid

10. anti-codon

    pairs with codons

11. protein synthesis

    to make proteins/enzymes >> two parts >>> transcription (first part) >>> translation (second part)

12. transcription

    the first part in protein synthesis >> turns DNA to RNA >> uses DNA to get instruction for one protein

13. translation

    the second part in protein synthesis >> turns mRNA (codon) to protein >> decodes mRNA into a sequence of amino acids (proteins)

14. RNA polymerase

    an enzyme that helps with transcription >> adds RNA bases to make an mRNA strand >> uses part of DNA to know what bases are needed

15. nucleus

    the "brain" or "control center" >> only eukaryotic cells >> eukaryotic cells have RNA floating within the capsule >> holds our genetic material >> controls activity within the cell

16. ribosome

    makes proteins using protein synthesis >> occurs in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

17. genetic code (cont.)

    >> 20 amino acids >> ALL living things use the same genetic code >> codon are codes for amino acids >>> sets of three bases on mRNA >> most amino acids have more than one codon