L6 Bio SUGAR

17 flashcards · Biology · by Quinn Langton-Attang

1. What are the two functional groups of carbohydrates?

   Glyceraldehyde and Dihydroxyacetone

2. What is the most common monosaccharide?

   Glucose.

3. Why can glucose exist in the forms below:

   Because C1 (carbon number 1) has four different functional groups attached to it and is said to be a Chiral Carbon.

4. α glucose and β glucose are what of each other?

   Isomers of each other

5. What characteristics do Disaccharides have?

   They dissolve in water They are sweet to taste They form crystals Sticky to touch

6. There are Reducing and Non-reducing Disaccharides.True or False?

   True.

7. What two monosaccharides is maltose comprised of?

   α glucose.

8. What two monosaccharides is lactose comprised of?

   β glucose

9. What two monosaccharides is sucrose comprised of?

   α glucose and fructose

10. Is sucrose a reducing or non-reducing sugar?

    A non-reducing sugar.

11. Is lactose a reducing or non-reducing sugar?

    A reducing sugar

12. Young mammals have an abundance of lactase compared to older mammals. True or False?

    True

13. Starch is composed of two types of polymers known as.

    α amylopectin and α amylose

14. What is glycogen?

    Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form energy storage in animals, fungi and bacteria.

15. What is glycogen's structure?

    Glycogen's structure is highly branched which makes it very insoluble and reactive in animal cells. The branching shape allows for increased surface area for enzymes to act upon which in turn release high energy when needed (flight or fight).

16. What is Cellulose?

    Cellulose is the main substance in the walls of plant cells, helping plants to remain stiff and upright. It is a molecule consisting of hundreds-thousands of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms

17. What enzyme breaks down cellulose?

    Cellulase breaks down cellulose and this enzyme is found in herbivores.