Random widespread diseases

13 flashcards · Biology · by lakesare

1. What is it?

   This is mange (чесотка). Skin disease caused by parasitic mites. Some are infectious to humans, some are not, Easily treated.

2. What's the difference between the origin of a cold and a flu?

   They are both viral respiratory illnesses, but caused by different viruses.

3. Easy way to discern flu from cold?

   Cold: runny nose, sneezing Flu: fever Links: difference between cold and flu

4. How to cure flu and cold?

   There are no widely accepted cures. Antibiotics don't work, because both flu and cold are viral illnesses. There are some antiviral medications for flu effective if given early, but none for cold.

5. What is hernia?

   A hernia occurs when an organ pushes through an opening in the muscle or tissue that holds it in place. (грыжа) For example, the intestines may break through a weakened area in the abdominal wall.

6. What's this?

   Rabies. Viral disease that causes inflammation of the brain in humans and other mammals (бешенство).

7. Can rabies be cured?

   Treatment within 10 days after exposure can prevent the disease if administered promptly. Thoroughly washing the wound as soon as possible with soap and water for approximately five minutes is effective in reducing the number of viral particles.

8. What is a retrovirus?

   A retrovirus is a type of RNA virus that inserts a copy of its genome into the DNA of a host cell that it invades, thus changing the genome of that cell.

9. When is HIV believed to be originated?

   Jump from chimpanzee to human probably happened during the late 19th or early 20th century. Using HIV-1 sequences preserved in human biological samples along with estimates of viral mutation rates, scientists calculate that the jump from chimpanzee to human probably happened during the late 19th or early 20th century, a time of rapid urbanisation and colonisation in equatorial Africa.

10. What is a virus?

    A virus is a biological agent that reproduces inside the cells of living hosts. When infected by a virus, a host cell is forced to produce thousands of identical copies of the original virus at an extraordinary rate.

11. What's a bacteriophage?

    Virus that infects and replicates within Bacteria and Archaea.

12. What immune system do bacteria have?

    Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections.

13. Name 2 parts of immune system.

    Innate immune system Adaptive immune system The adaptive immune system evolved in early vertebrates and allows for a stronger immune response as well as immunological memory, where each pathogen is "remembered" by a signature antigen. The adaptive immune response is antigen-specific and requires the recognition of specific "non-self" antigens during a process called antigen presentation. Antigen specificity allows for the generation of responses that are tailored to specific pathogens or pathog…