ICW - H11
30 flashcards · Other · by Jaro Lubberding
Social cognition
The study of how people make sense of other people and of themselves.
Cultural intelligence hypothesis
The view that complex social interaction created a form of social intelligence that then laid the groundwork for more general intelligence to emerge later.
General intelligence hypothesis
The view that human intelligence did not evolve in response to particular selection forces such as social organization. Instead, it emerged in a general form that could be suited to solving all kinds of problems, whether they are social or not.
Joint attention
The ability to coordinate attention with a social partner.
Mirror neuron
Neurons that fire when an animal performs some action and when the animal observes the other animal performing the same action.
Theory of Mind (ToM)
The ability to understand others' mental states, such as beliefs, desires, and intentions; to appreciate how these differ from our own; and to utilize this understanding to guide our behavior when interacting with others.
Autism
A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and accompanied by restricted and repetitive behavior. These individuals are often aloof during childhood and remain egocentric as adults. They show impairments in verbal and nonverbal behavior.
Williams syndrome
A genetic disease caused by a deletion on chromosome 7. These individuals manifest hypersociability. They show an exaggerated interest in other people and increased expressiveness and social communicability.
Social phobia
A disorder characterized by fear of public places, social interaction, and being evaluated negatively by others.
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
A phenomenon in which people who agree to a small request now may comply with a larger one later.
Cognitive dissonance
A negative state that occurs when an attitude and a behavior or two attitudes are inconsistent.
Selective exposure
The principle by which people seek information not already present that supports a consistency between their attitudes or between their attitudes and behavior.
Impression
The opinion or belief you form about another person.
Halo effect
States that we tend to see positive traits group together. For example, if a person is good-looking, we tend to think he/she is succesful.
Self-disclosure
The act of revealing some confidential aspect of ourselves.
Attribution
An explanation we give for the causes of events or behaviors.
Fundamental attribution error
The tendency to prefer internal or dispositional traits as the best explanation for people's behavior.
Self-serving bias
The tendency to explain our own failures to external causes but to explain other people's failures to internal ones.
Belief-in-a-just-world phenomenon
The phenomenon in which we think that people get what they deserve.
Game theory
Attempts to mathematically capture behavior in strategic situations, or games, in which an individual's success in making choices depends on the choices of others.
Social dilemmas
The type of situations studies by game theorists.
Prisoner's dillema
A social dilemma in which two prisoners must make decisions based on how the other is perceived to decide.
Schema
A framework or body of knowledge on some topic; knowledge of how to act as well as the computational processes by which to accomplish the activity (algorithm).
Stereotypes
Contain information about people in a specific category. The category can be defined by almost any criteria, such as skin color, sex, profession, or religion.
Out-group homogeneity effect
The belief that all people in an external group look alike.
In-group favouritism
The belief that in-group members possess more positive traits in comparison with members of out-groups.
Implicit association task
An experimental task in which a person must judge whether a central word corresponds to one of two categories, each defined by peripheral words, using one of two buttons.
Category confusion effect
A difficulty in differentiating between individual members of a given race.
Indirect priming task
An experimental task where a participant is asked to judge whether a word is good or bad after it has been preceded with a racial prime, such as a word or picture.
Prejudice
A decision or opinion we already have made.