Unit 7 Genetics Vocabulary

22 flashcards · Biology · by Serenity Underwood

1. Mendel

   the Father of genetics > a monk who studied pea plants

2. genetics

   the study of heredity, the passing of traits from parent(s) to offspring or descendants

3. trait

   any characteristic that can be passed from parent(s) to offspring (descendants) >> example: body shape, hair/eye colour, brain functioning (sociopaths)

4. gene

   a section of DNA that code for a trait >> example: the eye colour gene

5. allele

   the specific version or form of a gene >> example: T = tall, t = short

6. dominant

   the "strong" allele; ALWAYS expressed over recessive > CAPITAL letters such as L, K, and F

7. recessive

   the "weak" allele; ONLY expressed when two copies are present > lowercase letters such a m, n, p

8. genotype

   the code or letters for a specific gene or trait >> example: Gg, TT, aa

9. phenotype

   the physical appearance >> example: heterochromia eyes, spikes, horns, skin

10. homo-

    same (the same alleles) >> example: Ee

11. hetero-

    different (different alleles) >> example: Hh

12. homozygous

    letters that are the same size; the same alleles >> example: hh, YY

13. heterozygous

    letters that are different sizes; different alleles >> example: Tt, Rr

14. homozygous dominant

    homozygous but with dominant genes; letters that have the same CAPITAL letters of a dominant trait >> example: LL, SS, PP

15. homozygous recessive

    homozygous but with recessive genes; letters that have the same lowercase letters of a recessive trait >> example: gg, ww, qq

16. hybrid

    a new combination, heterozygous >> example: tigress (tiger male with a lioness)

17. true/pure breeding

    homozygous >> example: a borzoi from a breeder

18. punnett square

    a tool or way used to analyze genetic crosses

19. mono-

    one

20. monohybrid cross

21. di-

    two

22. dihybrid cross