Physics 6.2.1-2 Thermal Energy Transfer, Ideal Gases and Molecular Kinetic Theory Model

15 flashcards · Physics · by TheoTyson

1. What is the internal energy of a body?

   The sum of the randomly distributed kinetic and potential energies of all its particles.

2. What is a closed system?

   A system which doesn't allow the transfer of matter in or out, the total internal energy is constant.

3. What happens to a system when heated or work is done?

   The total internal energy of the system will increase as the average kinetic and potential energies of the particles increase.

4. What happens when a substance changes state?

   The internal energy will change, but the kinetic energy will stay the same, only the potential energy is altered.

5. What is the specific heat capacity of a substance?

   The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1K.

6. What is the specific latent heat?

   The amount of energy needed to change the state of 1kg of a substance.

7. What happens during melting or boiling?

   Energy is needed to break the bonds that hold the particles in place.

8. What is absolute zero?

   The lowest possible temperature that can be reached and the particles have the minimum possible energy.

9. What is Boyle's Law?

   At a constant temperature, the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional. pV = constant\text{pV = constant}pV = constant

10. What is Charles's Law?

    At a constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. V / T = constant\text{V / T = constant}V / T = constant

11. What is the Pressure Law?

    At a constant volume, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. p / T = constant\text{p / T = constant}p / T = constant

12. What is the molecular mass of a gas?

    The mass of one molecule of the gas, the sum of all the atoms that make up the molecule.

13. What is the molar mass of a gas?

    The mass of one mole of a gas.

14. What is the Ideal Gas Equation?

    pV = NkT\text{pV = NkT}pV = NkT Nk = number of molecules x Boltzmann’s constant \text{Nk = number of molecules x Boltzmann's constant} Nk = number of molecules x Boltzmann’s constant pV = nRT\text{pV = nRT}pV = nRT nR = \text{nR = }nR = number of moles x molar gas constant\text{number of moles x molar gas constant}number of moles x molar gas constant

15. What is required for a gas to expand or contract?

    Work must be done, and there must be a transfer of energy.