US History Final Review

60 flashcards · History · by Logan Pollack

1. William Jennings Bryan

   Cross of Gold Speech

2. imperialism

   imposition of control over other peoples

3. Antifederalists

   opponents of ratification of the constitution in 1787 and 1788; opponents of extending federal power

4. Abolitionists

   those who supported doing away with slavery

5. Articles of Confederation

   the charter of the first national government of the US. Its federal power was too weak

6. Bill of Rights

   first 10 amendments to the Constitution

7. Checks and Balances

   division of power among the three branches of government so that each branch may limit actions and power of the others

8. Jefferson's arguments for the bank of the US

   It is unconstitutional. Used a strict view of the constitution

9. Hamilton's arguments for the bank of the US

   it is constitutional. Used a loose view of the constitution

10. Whisky Rebellion

    demonstrated that the new government possessed the power to enforce its authority

11. Monroe Doctrine

    declared the American continent was no longer open to colonization by European nations

12. Indian Removal Act

    a congressional act that authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River

13. Thirteenth Amendment

    abolished slavery

14. black codes

    passed by Southern legislatures to keep freed blacks in a slave-like role

15. Fourteenth Amendment

    made blacks citizens of the United States

16. Fifteenth Amendment

    authorized federal government to regulate voting

17. Sharecropping

    A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops.

18. Plessy v. Ferguson

    Separate but equal

19. NAACP

    National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

20. Marcus Garvey

    believed that blacks must return to Africa and create their own civilization in their homeland

21. Bessemer Process

    A way to manufacture steel quickly and cheaply by blasting hot air through melted iron to quickly remove impurities.

22. Alexander Graham Bell

    Invented the telephone

23. John D. Rockefeller

    Established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history

24. Social Darwinism

    The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle.

25. Sherman anti-trust act

    prohibits monopolies in commerce

26. Why was the Sherman Antitrust Act weak?

    Did not define clearly what a trust was

27. Knights of Labor

    1st effort to create National union. Open to everyone but lawyers and bankers. Vague program, no clear goals, weak leadership and organization. Failed

28. Haymarket Riot

    1886 labor-related protest in Chicago which ended in deadly violence

29. Samuel Gompers

    He was the creator of the American Federation of Labor. He provided a stable and unified union for skilled workers.

30. Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

    March 1911 fire in New York factory that trapped young women workers inside locked exit doors; nearly 50 ended up jumping to their death; while 100 died inside the factory; led to the establishment of many factory reforms, including increasing safety precautions for workers

31. Know-Nothing Party

    Political party of the 1850s that was anti-Catholic and anti-immigrant

32. Anti-Defamation League

    organization formed in 1913 to defend Jews against physical and verbal attacks and false statements

33. Homestead Act

    1862 - Provided free land in the West to anyone willing to settle there and develop it. Encouraged westward migration.

34. Northwest Ordinance

    Enacted in 1787, it is considered one of the most significant achievements of the Articles of Confederation. It established a system for setting up governments in the western territories so they could eventually join the Union on an equal footing with the original 13 states

35. Proclamation of 1763

    forbid Americans to settle west of the Appalachian mountains

36. Granger Laws

    Grangers state legislatures in 1874 passed law fixing maximum rates for freight shipments. The railroads responded by appealing to the Supreme Court to declare these laws unconstitutional

37. Interstate Commerce Act

    Established the ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission) - monitors the business operation of carriers transporting goods and people between states - created to regulate railroad prices

38. Omaha Platform

    Political agenda adopted by the populist party in 1892 at their Omaha, Nebraska convention. Called for unlimited coinage of silver (bimetallism), government regulation of railroads and industry, graduated income tax, and a number of election reforms.

39. William McKinley

    25th president responsible for Spanish-American War, Philippine-American War, and the Annexation of Hawaii, imperialism. Is assassinated by an anarchist

40. The Great Compromise

    bicameral legislature (2 houses) equal representation for each state (senate) representation based on population (house of representatives)

41. Three-Fifths Compromise

    Slaves counted as 3/5 of a person for representation and taxation purposes

42. Mercantilism

    power depended upon monetary wealth and that the colonies were a source of wealth

43. Virginia House of Burgess

    first elected legislature in the colonies and marked the first step toward representative government in the colonies

44. Federalists

    Those who supported the ratification of the Constitution

45. The Federalist Papers

    Federalists published 85 essays in newspapers to answer fears of the anti-federalists

46. Loose Constructionists

    Those who held the belief that the Constitution, and specifically the elastic clause, should be read broadly and that the framers had intended the clause to mean that Congress should have the "proper" powers resulting from its other powers.

47. Strict Constructionists

    Those who felt that the Constitution should be read literally and that the elastic clause should be used only for expanding the powers of Congress in cases where expansion is absolutely necessary

48. appeasement

    policy of yielding to the demands of an aggressor to avoid conflict

49. What are the three branches of government?

    Judicial, Executive, Legislature

50. Delegated Powers

    powers given to the national government

51. Reserved powers

    powers given to the states

52. Emancipation Proclamation

    freed all slaves in slave states

53. How did Thomas Jefferson interpret the Constitution?

    strictly

54. What did George Washington say about political parties?

    There should not be any

55. Jim Crow Laws

    laws restricting the rights of African Americans

56. What was the purpose of the Grandfather clause, poll tax and literacy tests?

    made it difficult for African Americans to vote

57. Manifest Destiny

    the US was destined to settle east to west

58. laissez-faire

    hands off business

59. What were the Sherman and Clayton Anti-trust Laws?

    designed to stop monopolies and trusts

60. yellow journalism

    Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers