Physics Final

77 flashcards · Physics · by Logan Pollack

1. Scaler

   quantity with a magnitude only and no direction

2. Vector

   quantity given with both a magnitude and direction

3. properties of vectors

   can be moved as long as length and direction do not change must have arrowhead order of addition does not matter two or more vectors added produce a resultant

4. Motion Graph Slope

   The slope of a distance/displacement/position versus time graph is used to represent the speed/velocity

5. What does a constant slope on a motion graph signify?

   constant speed/velocity

6. Speed

   Scaler distance covered per unit of time

7. Velocity

   Vector displacement traveled per unit of time

8. Speed vs Time graph area under graph represents:

   distance

9. Velocity vs Time graph area under graph represents:

10. Acceleration

    The change in velocity per unit of time Vector

11. An object is accelerating if it is

    speeding up, slowing down, or turning

12. Positive acceleration

    speeding up in the positive direction slowing down in the negative direction

13. Negative acceleration

    speeding up in the negative direction slowing down in the positive direction

14. Objects in Free-Fall:

    objects in free-fall are acting only under the influence of the acceleration due to gravity neglecting air resistance (in a vacuum), all objects free-fall at the same rate Mass does not affect the rate and object travels

15. Types of projectiles

    free-fall up/down horizontally launched launched at an angle

16. horizontally launched projectiles

    if gravity is the only force acting on a body, the horizontal and vertical components of motion are independent of each other. They will be solved as separate problems

17. Projectiles launched at an angle: X Direction: Y Direction:

    X Direction: no force, no acceleration constant velocity Y Direction: gravity force acceleration = 9.81m/s29.81 m/s^29.81m/s2 ' up/down problem

18. Projectiles will travel the greatest distance/range at an angle of 45

19. Inertia depends on mass

20. Force

    push or pull vector quantity measured in Newtons [N]

21. Newtons 1st Law

    An object with no net force acting on it will: remain at rest continue moving with a constant velocity

22. Law of Inertia

    Inertia is an object's resistance to change It is proportional to and dependent only on mass

23. Static Equilibrium

    at rest

24. Dynamic Equilibrium

    constant velocity

25. Unbalanced forced produce acceleration

26. Free Body Diagram

    Shows all the forces acting on an object The length of the arrows is proportional to the force All forces must originate at the same point

27. Newtons 3rd Law

    For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

28. Contact Forces

    exists when two objects are touching each other

29. Field Forces

    forces exerted without contact

30. Newtons 2nd Law

    Direct Relationship between mass and force, force and acceleration. Indirect relationship between mass and acceleration

31. Mass

    a measure of how much matter is in an object Scaler Unit [kg]

32. Weight/Force due to Gravity

    The effect of a gravitational pull on a mass same as gravitational force; Fg

33. What is the significance of the slope of a gravitational force vs. mass graph?

    the slope is equal to the acceleration due to gravity

34. Gravitational Field Strength

    Another term for acceleration due to gravity Unit: [N/kg]

35. Elevator Problems

    Mass is constant Acceleration due to gravity is -9.81 Since Fg, weight is massxmass_xmassx​ acceleration due to gravity will never change due to motion, the normal force, FNF_NFN​ may change

36. Power

    the rate at which work is done scalar

37. By doing work on a system you are (adding/subtracting) energy to the system

    adding

38. Kinetic energy depends on velocity and mass

39. If velocity decreases kinetic energy decreases

    increases or decreases

40. In free-fall speed is always 9.81

41. if an object is traveling at a constant speed, will its kinetic energy increase, decrease, or stay the same?

    stay the same

42. Thermal Energy is created as a result of friction

43. Internal Energy

    Energy lost to heat or friction No equation

44. Conservation of Energy

    In a closed system, the total amount of energy is conserved

45. Hooke's Law

    the force acting on a spring is directly proportional to the amount that the spring is stretched

46. Slope of a force vs. elongation graph represents

    spring constant

47. Strong Force

    holds the nucleus of an atom together (protons and neutrons)

48. The net charge in a closed system is constant

49. The spacing of field lines indicates the strength of the electric field

50. Test Charge

    Must be positive Must not effect an electric field

51. Field Line Rules

    Lines begin on a positive charge and end on a negative one Lines never intersect Direction is the same as the direction of the force on a positive charge

52. The greater the charge the greater the force of attraction/repulsion

    greater/less

53. The greater the distance, the less the force of attraction/repulsion

    greater/less

54. Potential Difference

    work done in moving a charge from one point to another also called voltage potential difference is needed to make current flow

55. Conditions necessary for an electric circuit

    a closed circuit potential difference/voltage

56. series circuit

    only one path for the electrons to flow through

57. parallel circuit

    multiple pathways for electrons to flow

58. current

    the rate at which electrons flow

59. Ohms Law

    the resistance in a circuit is the rate of potential difference applied to the current that flows through it

60. Electrical Energy

    the total amount of work or energy in a circuit scalar

61. Factors that affect resistance

    temperature cross-sectional area length type of material

62. Magnetism

    the force of attraction or repulsion between magnetic poles

63. a compass is used to detect a magnetic field

64. What type of wave is this?

    longitudinal wave

65. What type of wave is this?

    transverse wave

66. amplitude is proportional to energy

67. all waves transfer energy not mass

68. mechanical waves are all longitudinal waves

69. mechanical wave

    waves that are incapable of transmitting energy through a vacuum require a medium to propagate through

70. electromagnetic waves are all transverse waves

71. electromagnetic wave

    waves that are capable of transmitting energy through a vacuum

72. longitudinal wave

    a wave where the vibration of the particles are parallel to the direction the wave is traveling

73. transverse wave

    a wave where the vibration of the particles are perpendicular to the direction of the wave is traveling

74. periodic wave

    a series of regularly repeated disturbances or pulses

75. Work

    Force applied on an object in the direction of motion W = F x d [J] = [N] x [m] Must be in the same plane of motion Force in the vertical direction = Weight [Fg =mg]

76. Universal Law of Gravity

    Always attractive!!

77. Horizontally Launched Projectiles

    Time of flight determined by height Flight path is parabolic