Physiology exam 1

38 flashcards · Other · by Madison Huth

1. building blocks of nucleic acids

   nucleotides

2. building blocks of lipids

   fatty acids / glycol

3. building blocks of carbohydrates

   monosaccharides

4. building blocks of proteins

   amino acids

5. T & A form what in DNA

   2 hydrogen bonds

6. C & G form what in DNA

   3 hydrogen bonds

7. equally sharing electrons and doesn't like water

   non polar, hydrophobic

8. unequally sharing electrons and likes water

   polar, hydrophilic

9. what are made up of carbons and hydrogens and linked with non polar hydrophobic molecules

   lipids

10. triglycerides are made up of

    a glycerol and 3 fatty acids

11. phospholipids are made up of

    a glycerol and 2 fatty acids

12. amino acids in proteins are held together by

    peptide bonds

13. why does the body have membranes

    in order to serve as selective barrier and chooses what goes in and out of body

14. made up of adenine and guanine, 2 ring structure

    purines

15. made up of uracil or thymine and cytosine, single carbon ring structure

    pyrimidines

16. once RNA is produced it

    moves out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm

17. 2 types of RNA

    messenger and transfer

18. semipermeable barrier between cell and external environment (extracellular fluid) serves to move large polar molecules

    plasma membrane

19. composed of two layers of phospholipids with a polar head facing outward to aqueous environment and tails facing inward

    phospholipid bilayer

20. why is the cell membrane described as fluid mosaic model

    because we need to bring in oxygen, glucose, and amino acids and remove toxins out of our cells

21. proteins that have carbohydrate groups attached to the polypeptide chain

    glycoprotein

22. lipids with a carbohydrate attached by covalent bond

    glycolipid

23. glycoproteins and glycolipids function to

    hold cells together, and in cell recognition and communication

24. nuclear envelope fuse together leaving gaps called; which allow for movement in and out of nucleus

    nuclear pores

25. transcription occurs in the

    nucleus

26. translation of mRNA to synthesize proteins occur in

    ribosomes

27. site of RNA production

    nucleolus

28. site of protein synthesis

    ribosomes

29. ribosomes on surface, involved in modification of proteins made by ribosomes

    RER

30. no ribosomes on surface, synthesizes lipids, stores calcium ions, and detoxified toxic substances

    SER

31. membrane bound flattened sacs called cisternae, RER sends proteins here when they need to be modified further and packaged (vesicles)

    Golgi apparatus

32. powerhouse of cell, lots of folds to increase SA, folds called cristae, contains ETC, responsible for production of ATP

    mitochondria

33. degrade intracellular debris and ingested extracellular debris

    lysosomes

34. oxidation, degradation, includes enzyme catalase

    peroxisomes

35. ribosomes are made up of; and produce proteins

    large and small subunit

36. appear to help with the transport of mRNA from nucleus to cytoplasm; chemical signaling

    vaults

37. push and pull chromosomes during cell division

    centrioles