Psyc 101 Unit [CH. 1-4]

51 flashcards · Psychology · by Emma Grace Evans

  1. What are the differences between the current divisions of psychology?

    Research : scientist study about psych and its many forms of data and tested studies abnormal/clinical, Developmental, Social, Experimental, Physiological, Cognitive, Personality, Psychometrics, Educational, Health Applied / Professional : Using the known research studies and practicing them on patients to progress mental health, illness, and therapy Abnormal /Clinical Psych, Counseling, School Psyc, Industrial/ Organizational

  2. Who established the first psychology journal?

    Stanley Hall

  3. Who established the first psychology lab? Who established the first psych lab in the US?

    William Wundt; In US : Stanley Hall

  4. What are some key figures/ researchers in the development of the field and what did they suggest?

  5. What techniques were involved with the movements of early psychology? example Introspection

  6. What movements have influenced psychology? How do they differ from one another? (structuralism v functionalism)

    Structuralism: the task of psychology was to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and investigate how these elements are related Edward Titchener Functionalism: that psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness, rather than its structure William James

  7. Be able to determine the type of research with the divisions of psych. What is the difference between a "research division" and a "applied division"?

  8. What division does UNC psych and neuroscience department have?

  9. What is " empiricism" and "rationalism" and why are these principles used when doing research? How are these principles incorporated in steps of research?

    Empiricism: the only source of knowledge comes from our senses (smell, touch, taste, see, hear) John Locke experience Rationalism: the view that regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge EX: mathematical knowledge Reason and logic

  10. Difference between theory and hypothesis?

  11. Operational definition ? Can you identify what is not an operational definition?

    Operational: Describes the actions or operations that will be used to measure or control a variable

  12. Difference between an experiment and a research study (not an experiment)?

  13. What makes a quasi- experiment an "non experiment" ?

  14. Experimental Terms: independent v dependent variable levels of study random assignment and why its used extraneous v confounding variables placebo effect blind studies(why they're used)

    Extraneous vs. Confounding Variables Extraneous Variable: any variables other that the independent variable that seem likely to influence the dependent variable in a specific study Confounding Variable: occurs when 2 variables are likened in a way that makes it difficult to sort out their specific effects Placebo Effect: occurs when participants expectations lead them to experience some change even though they receive empty, fake, or ineffectual treatment Double-Blind Procedure: neither subject…

  15. Advantage and Disadvantage of of each type of research method

  16. Different ways data can be collected?

  17. Difference between descriptive and inferential statistics with examples

  18. What is correlation and why can casual conclusions not be made from them ?

  19. What is a "peer-reviewed journal" and why would we want this for research?

  20. What is the APA publication manual for ?

  21. Why and how do we control for ethics in research studies?

  22. Myths about psychological research

  23. What is the difference between glia cells and neurons?

    Glia Cells : "glue" found throughout the nervous system that provide various types of support for neurons smaller than neurons supply nurishment to neurons, remove neurons waste, and provide insulation, & help development of NS in human embryo Some glia cells can detect neural impuses and send signals to glia or neurons Neurons: cells in the NS that receive, integrate, and transmit info

  24. What are the different types of glia cells and what do they do?

  25. Parts of Neuron and Functions: soma dendrite axon mylein sheath terminal buttons

    Neurons: cells in the NS that receive, integrate, and transmit info Soma: "cell body", contains cell nucleus and chemical machinery Dendrite: specialized to receive information "branches" Axon: a long, thin fiber that transmits signals away from the soma to other neurons, muscles or glands Mylein Sheath: insulating material tha wraps around some axons and increases speed of signals degeneration of mylein sheath= multiple sclerosis Terminal Buttons: knobs that secrete chemical neurotransmitters…

  26. What are the different types of neurotransmitters and functions eg: what does DA, NE, GABA, and 5-HT do

  27. Difference between "agonist" and "antagonist" Exogenous Chemicals

    Agonists are substances that bind to synaptic receptors and increase the effect of the neurotransmitter. Antagonists also bind to synaptic receptors but they decrease the effect of the neurotransmitter.

  28. Where do neurotransmitters come from?

    Neurotransmitters come from food and can be derived from another neurotransmitter

  29. What are the differences between an action potential V EPSPs and IPSPs ?

    Action Potential : brief shift in a neuron's electrical charge that travels along an axon Excitatory PSP : a positive voltage shift that increases likelihood that postsynaptic neuron will fire action potentials Inhibitory PSP: a negative voltage shift that decreases the liklihood a postsynaptic neuron will fire an action potential A neuron is not silent when at Resting Potential; spontaneously fires AP at a basal rate depends on PSP type

  30. Describe steps of neural transmission of information start with Action Potential in Presynaptic and end with Action Potential in Postsynaptic neuron

  31. What does it mean to "summate" EPSPs and IPSPs and what happens when a neuron does this ?

    Summate is to add either EPSP or IPSP to get below or above threshold

  32. Describe the Different research tools: PET MRI CT scan Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Lesions

  33. How do the different research procedures work and what is the logic behind them ? (be able to identify the research tools when procedures are described in situation)

  34. What is the Cerebellum and its function?

  35. What are the divisions of the nervous system ? somatic v parasympathetic central v peripheral autonomic

  36. What is the medulla and its function ?

  37. What is the forebrain and its function?

  38. What is the hippocampus and its function?

  39. What is the Hypothalamus and its function?

  40. Limbic System

  41. Basal Ganglia

  42. Primary Cortex V Association Cortex

  43. Different lobes of the brain and their functions

  44. Ventricles

  45. Flow of Cerebral Spinal Fluid

  46. What is a "split brain procedure" ? Why its used and the effects? What is "lateralization" and how does the "split brain" show evidence of this ?

  47. What is "plasticity" according to the brain?

  48. What is the Endocrine System ? Parts of the system and a hormone related to it?

  49. What type of studies can be done to give heritabiliity estimates and find out if genetics plays a role in behavior ? eg) what is a family study? what is adoption study? Advantage/Disadvantage to each type of method to estimate heritability?

  50. What is the difference between sensation and perception?

  51. What fields did psychology originate from ?

    Philosophy and Physiology