8th Grade PS Unit 1 & 2: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
29 flashcards · Physics · by Samvid Konchada
smallest unit into which matter can be divided without the release of electrically charged particles. example: Hydrogen (H)
atom
a negatively charged particle with a very small mass i.e. an electron in a Hydrogen atom
electron
stable subatomic particle that has a positive charge i.e. 1 proton in a Hydrogen atom
proton
stable subatomic particle that has a positive charge i.e. 1 neutron in a Hydrogen-2 atom
neutron
a level of orbit in which electrons orbit around an atom i.e. the valence
Electron energy level
positively charged center of an atom and contains most of its mass. i.e. proton and neutrons of a Hydrogen-3 atom
nucleus
A number that defines how many protons are present in the atom of an element and how many electrons are in a neutral version of an atom i.e. 1 for Hydrogen
Atomic Number
The average total weight of an atom, or the mass of the longest surviving isotope for non-stable elements i.e. 1.008 for Hydrogen
Atomic Mass
A commonly used model to describe the structure of an atom i.e. a Bohr model of Hydrogen
Bohr atomic model
the total mass of a specific atom isotope i.e. 12 for Carbon-6
Mass number
An electron in the outermost energy level of an atom i.e. 8 in Argon
Valence electron
A chart displaying chemical elements in order of atomic number, organized by groups and periods i.e. https://ptable.com/#Properties
Periodic Table
Another name for a "row" on the periodic table, representing the amount of electron energy levels in the atom i.e. 2nd period starts with Lithium
period
Another name for a "column" on the periodic table, can be used to find amount of valence electrons (with exceptions) i.e. 2nd period starts from Beryllium
group
An abbreviation used to represent a type of atom (or element) i.e. H for Hydrogen
Chemical symbol
a class of substances characterized by high electrical and thermal conductivity as well as by malleability, ductility, and high reflectivity of light. i.e. Zirconium
metal
Capable of being shaped or formed, as by hammering or pressure. i.e. metals are malleable
malleable
Easily drawn into wire or hammered thin. i.e. metals are ductile
ductile
The ability or power to conduct or transmit heat i.e. metals are conductive
conductivity
the rate at which a chemical substance tends to undergo a chemical reaction i.e. Argon is not very reactive
reactivity
wearing away due to chemical reactions, mainly oxidation i.e iron rusting
corrosion
any of the six chemical elements that make up Group 1 (Ia) of the periodic table i.e. lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), and francium (Fr)
alkali metal
any of the six chemical elements that comprise Group 2 (IIa) of the periodic table. i.e. beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra)
alkaline earth metal
occupy the middle portions of the long periods of the periodic table of elements between the groups on the left-hand side and the groups on the right. Specifically, they form Groups 3 (IIIb) through 12 (IIb) i.e. Nickel (Ni), Cobalt (Co), Iron (Fe), Silver (Ag)
transition metal
a chemical element that lacks a predominance of metallic properties i.e. Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O)
nonmetal
a type of chemical element which has a preponderance of properties in between, or that are a mixture of, those of metals and nonmetals i.e. Boron (B), Silicon (Si)
metalloid
has an electrical conductivity value falling between that of a conductor, such as metallic copper, and an insulator, such as glass ie. silicon
semiconducter
group in the periodic table consisting of five or six chemically related elements i.e. fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At). The artificially created element 117, tennessine (Ts)
halogen
any of the seven chemical elements that make up Group 18 (VIIIa) of the periodic table. i.e. helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), radon (Rn), and oganesson (Og)
noble gas