JCM Exam 2

75 flashcards · Other · by Liv Mcdeezy

  1. The Shot Formal Term: Long Shot

    The camera is a long distance from characters and objects filmed. This shot establishes a sense of place and communicates the significance of the environment.

  2. The Shot Formal Term: Medium Shot

    A medium distance from characters and objects filmed, this shot emphasizes relationship between characters and objects within their environment.

  3. The Shot Formal Term: Close-Up

    By Filming close, this shot emphasizes detail in characters and objects, at the expense of context.

  4. The Shot Formal Term: Low Angle Shot

    Shoots an object from below, emphasizing its size and making it appear larger.

  5. The Shot Formal Term: High Angle Shot

    Shoots an object from below, shrinking its size and making it appear smaller.

  6. Mise en Scene Formal Term: Lighting

    The presence of illumination and shadow on a character or object

  7. Mise en Scene Formal Term: Set Design, Props, and Location

    The objects within a shot and space in which it takes place

  8. Mise en Scene Formal Term: Costume, Makeup, and Hairstyle

    How character traits are expressed through appearance

  9. Mise en Scene Formal Term: Color

    How specific colors gain meaning without context

  10. Depth of Field

    The degree of depth with which objects in front of the camera are in focus

  11. Camera Movement Formal Term: Tracking or Dolly Shot

    Camera moves freely on a mobile base through a scene

  12. Camera Movement Formal Term: Panning or Tilt Shot

    Camera moves horizontally, vertically, or diagonally on a fixed base (vertical version is called a tilt)

  13. Camera Movement Formal Term: Crane Shot

    Via a crane or other rig, camera moves around the scene in a way that transcends normal human perception

  14. Camera Movement Formal Term: Zoom

    A zoom lens allows the focal length of a shot to change in order to make characters or objects appear larger or smaller

  15. Cut Transitions Formal Term: Fade

    A shot moves into or out of the absence of another shot

  16. Cut Transitions Formal Term: Dissolve

    One shot is gradually replaced by another shot

  17. Cut

    A joining of two shots, a fundamental technique of editing

  18. Continuity Formal Term: Eyeline-Match

    A character's eyes establish proximity or direction with a cut to another character or object

  19. Continuity Formal Term: 180-Degree Rule

    An imaginary line that determines continuous camera placement

  20. Continuity Formal Term: Establishing Shot

    Shot that establishes setting or environment where plot will take place

  21. Continuity Formal Term: Match-On-Action

    A character or object continually moves through space as another character or object continually moves through space across multiple shots

  22. Continuity Formal Term: Parallel Editing

    Shows two or more spatially separate events occurring at the same time

  23. Discontinuity Formal Term: Montage

    A series of shots that contract time, create ellipses between events, convey a mood or idea

  24. Discontinuity Formal Term: Graphic Match

    Makes a thematic connection across time and space through the visual similarity between shots

  25. Sound Formal Term: Loudness

    The volume of a sound communicates distance

  26. Sound Formal Term: Pitch

    The range of high and low frequencies between sounds

  27. Sound Formal Term: Quality

    Characteristics that distinguish sounds with similar pitch or loudness

  28. Sound Formal Term: Fidelity

    The degree to which a sound seems to correspond with an onscreen source

  29. Film Music Formal Term: Empathetic Film Music

    Music that participates in an emotional perspective of onscreen events

  30. Film Music Formal Term: Anempathetic Film Music

    Music that comments on a character or event through conspicuous indifference

  31. Text

    anything that is readable

  32. Context

    The circumstances in which a text is made

  33. Camera Obscura

    An early technology for projecting the environment onto walls

  34. Magic Lantern

    A projector of images via glass plates

  35. Photography

    The recording of light onto a photosensitive surface

  36. Persistence of vision

    Optimal phenomenon that creates the illusion of a moving image

  37. Eadweard Muybridge

    Pioneered animal locomotion photography

  38. Early Cinema (1895-1905)

    Showed of the technological reproduction of human and animal movement (Thomas Edison and William Dickson) Thomas Edison and William Dickson patented the first major technologies for motion picture recording (kinetograph) and layback (kinetoscope) Created fantastic, impossible images (George Me'ie's) George Me'ie's translated stage magic with moving images Captured everyday life through "actualities" (Auguste and Louis Lumie're) Auguste and Louis Lumie're made short portraits of everyday life th…

  39. Cinema of Attractions

    Early films called attention to cinema as a unique medium

  40. Edwin S. Porter

    Filmmakers such as Edwin S. Porter developed strategies of continuity editing

  41. Vaudeville

    Entertainers worked as actors and filmmakers

  42. DW Griffith

    made the Birth of a Nation (1915)

  43. Why did filmmakers migrate to California?

    to avoid Edison's patents

  44. Intertitles

    Convey Narration and dialogue

  45. Assembly Line

    studios operated on an assembly line model (1920s-1950s)

  46. Vertical Integration

    Major studios were vertically integrated Production- the making of films Distribution- the circulation and promotion of films Exhibition- the showing of films in theaters

  47. Major and Minor Studios

    Major studios (vertical integration): 20th Century Fox, MGM, Paramount, RKO, Warner bros- streaming platforms Minor Studios (production-distribution): Columbia, Universal

  48. Motion Picture Production Code

    Motion picture was controlled by the motion picture production code (or Hays Code)

  49. The Classical Hollywood Style

    Defined by continuity editing, genre, and stardom

  50. Continuity Editing

    A style of editing practiced by Hollywood that makes sequences of shots seem seamless, cohesive, and linear

  51. Genre

    Narrative categories that set expectations studios become branded by specialized genres

  52. Stars

    Famous motion picture personalities whose images were used to sell films Stars images are created by films connected by shared characteristics (such as genre) and star discourse

  53. The Star System

    Studios owned stars under exclusive contract

  54. Screwball Comedy

    A couple in conflict

  55. Star Personalities (The Awful Truth)

    Irene Dunne- lively, regal performances of upper-class characters Cary Grant- confidence, style, and charm communicates through voice and physicality

  56. Sound-on-Disc

    A photograph synched to what is projected onscreen

  57. Sound-on-Film

    Sound is recorded and played back via an optical track onto a filmstrip

  58. United States vs. Paramount Pictures

    (1984) Ended studios vertical integration system; studios relinquished exhibition

  59. Burstyn vs. Wilson

    (1952) Established motion pictures as protected by the First Amendment Star system was replaced by independent contracting Television competed with Hollywood Television competed with Hollywood, which responded with new technological attractions (eg. widescreens) The production code was replaced by the rating system

  60. Auteur Theory

    Promoted the director as the primary author of a film

  61. Film Schools

    Conveyed the idea of filmmaking as an artist practice Filmmakers altered the classical Hollywood style responded to revolutionary changes in American society, politics addressed American youth as a primary audience

  62. The New Hollywood

    (1967-1979) Hollywood's expansion of style, themes and content following the fall of the studio system

  63. Blockbuster

    (1975-onward) The measure by which studios compete over promoting wide releases that ensure high box office receipts

  64. Wide Release

    Films become exhibited nationwide

  65. Box Office

    Films compete for opening weekend and lifetime ticket sales

  66. Convergence

    Studios become part of conglomerate corporations selling entertainment and consumed products

  67. Synergy

    Strategies by which films were cross promoted with other consumer products

  68. High Concept

    Film's emphasis on style facilitated cross promotion

  69. Digital Media

    Extended the work of postproduction

  70. Intellectual Property

    Studios replaced star-genre formula with competition over ownership of multimedia franchises : copyrighted characters and narrations that could be pre-sold to audiences

  71. Transmedia Storytelling

    Hollywood's IP is sold across media platforms and individual films

  72. Globalization

    Hollywood's primary audience lives outside U.S.

  73. Postmodern Style

    Narratives characterized by references to other films and cultural texts

  74. Hero's Journey

    A seemingly ordinary character transforms by solving a significant problem

  75. How did Covid-19 affect Hollywood?

    Moviemaking companies more resemble technology companies rather than traditional studios, compete over speculative capital (investment in future earnings and stock value) rather than box office